118th Congress - Senate Seats by State

The Green Papers: 2023 General Election

118^th Congress
Senate Seats by State

101 Senate Seats not up for election in 2023

6 Open Senate Seats (voluntary retirement, seeking other political office)

356 Candidates seeking a Senate Seat (Candidates may run under the banner of multiple parties. Hence, the number of parties may be greater than the number of candidates.)

This is a list of the current Senate seats and the incumbents occupying them. Not counting special elections, 33 Senate Seats are up for election on 5 November 2024.

There have been 0 deaths, 1 resignations, and 1 changes re: party breakdown in the 118^th Senate.

Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe (Republican, Oklahoma Class 2) resigned on 2 January 2023.
Senator Markwayne Mullin (Republican, Oklahoma Class 2) was elected in a 8 November 2022 Special Election to fill the seat of Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe (Republican, Oklahoma Class 2) upon Senator Inhofe's resignation. Senator Mullin took the Oath on 3 January 2023 and will serve the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2027.
Senator Kyrsten Sinema (Democrat, Arizona Class 2) switched party affiliation to Independent on 3 January 2023.
Senator Benjamin E. "Ben" Sasse (Republican, Nebraska Class 2) resigns.
Senator Pete Ricketts (Republican, Nebraska Class 2) is appointed on 12 January 2023 and took the Oath on 23 January 2023.

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Legislative Links Senate Electoral Classes



Alabama 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Thomas H. "Tommy" Tuberville* • FEC S0AL00230

Alaska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Dan Sullivan* • FEC S4AK00214

Arizona 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Member of Congress Ruben Gallego • 23 January 2023: Member of Congress Ruben Gallego, CD 3, announced he will run for the Senate Class 1 seat in 2024. • FEC S4AZ00139; 30 Jun 23; Tot $6,881,511; Dsb $4,372,715
	Democratic	Alexander "Alex" Keller • FEC S4AZ00154

	~~Republican~~	~~Christopher D. "Chris" Berschauer - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4AZ00147 or S4AZ00162 • FEC S4AZ00147
	Republican	Pinal County Sheriff Mark Lamb • FEC S4AZ00188; 30 Jun 23; Tot $607,722; Dsb $272,385
	Republican	Robert James Walker • FEC S4AZ00204
	Republican	Alan White • FEC S4AZ00212
	Republican	Brian Wright • FEC S4AZ00170

	No Labels	Richard Grayson • Resident of Arizona. Running for Arizona US Senate (Death to No Labels), Arizona House CD 9 (Democratic), and Idaho CD 2 (Democratic). • FEC S4AZ00196

	*Independent*	*Senator Kyrsten Sinema* • 9 December 2022: Senator Sinema announced she is changing her party affiliation from Democratic to Independent but will continue to caucus with the Democrats. "I registered as an Arizona independent." • FEC S8AZ00197; 30 Jun 23; Tot $3,769,518; Dsb $1,250,774

Arkansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Thomas B. "Tom" Cotton* • FEC S4AR00103

California 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
	Green	Paul Kevin Anderson • FEC S4CA00571
	No Party Preference	Keivaulqe Autiameineire • aka Fepbrina Estrelvia Keivaulqe Autiameineire. Also filed for US House 17 and 18 FEC H2CA27230 • FEC S2CA00922
	Independent	Dana Bobbitt • FEC S4CA00597 or S4CA00605 • FEC S4CA00597
	Republican	Eric Early • FEC S4CA00639; 30 Jun 23; Tot $226,277; Dsb $145,933
	Republican	Danny Fabricant • FEC S0CA00504
	Democratic	Jacob Farmos • FEC S4CA00647
	~~Democratic~~	~~Senator Dianne Feinstein - apparently not a candidate~~ • 14 February 2023: "I am announcing today I will not run for reelection in 2024 ...." • FEC S0CA00199; 31 Mar 23; Tot $501,128; Dsb $511,096
	Democratic	Jeremy Fennell • FEC S4CA00449
	No Party Preference	Frank J. Ferreira • FEC S4CA00621
	~~Democratic~~	~~Diane Foxington - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4CA00472
	Democratic	Carson Henry Franklin, Jr. • FEC S4CA00423
	Republican	Denice Lyn Gary-Pandol • FEC S4CA00407; 30 Jun 23; Tot $35,853; Dsb $43,141
	Socialist Workers Party	Laura Garza
	Republican	Jehu Thomas de Gerold Hand • FEC S4CA00662; 30 Jun 23; Tot $823; Dsb $727
	Democratic	Zafar Inam • FEC S4CA00688; 30 Jun 23; Tot $32; Dsb $0
	Republican	Zakaria Mohamed Kortam • FEC S4CA00530
	Republican	Paul Krzemuski
	Democratic	Harmesh Kumar
	Republican	Roxanne Elizabeth Lawler • FEC S4CA00548
	Democratic	Member of Congress Barbara Lee • US House District 12 • FEC S4CA00589; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,337,570; Dsb $936,753
	Republican	Peter Yuan Liu • FEC record removed
	~~Republican~~	~~Barack Obama Mandela - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4CA00464
	Democratic	Rommell Montenegro • FEC S4CA00753
	Republican	John Joseph Pappenheim • FEC S4CA00563
	Democratic	David Peterson • FEC H6CA01202
	Democratic	Douglas Howard Pierce • FEC S6CA00790
	Democratic	Member of Congress Katherine "Katie" Porter • 10 January 2023: Member of Congress CD 47. Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2024. • FEC S4CA00522; 30 Jun 23; Tot $18,681,951; Dsb $8,298,282
	Democratic	Perry Pound • FEC S4CA00746
	Democratic	Aejaz "Raji" Rab • Filed for US Senate Class 1 (FEC S4CA00613) and US House CD 32 (FEC H4CA30123). • FEC S4CA00613; 30 Jun 23; Tot $5,900; Dsb $4,816
	Democratic	Lexi Reese • FEC S4CA00696; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,102,057; Dsb $476,606
	Republican	Jonathan Reiss • FEC S4CA00670; 30 Jun 23; Tot $4,025; Dsb $4,624
	Democratic	Jessica Serene Resendez • FEC S4CA00381
	Independent	Katie O'Neal Roedersheimer • ? • FEC S4CA00415
	Democratic	John David Rose • FEC S4CA00704 or S4CA00712 • FEC S4CA00712
	American Solidarity	Mark Ruzon • FEC S4CA00720
	Democratic	Member of Congress Adam B. Schiff • 26 January 2023: Member of Congress CD 30. Candidate for US Senate Class 1 in 2024. • FEC S4CA00555; 30 Jun 23; Tot $15,040,185; Dsb $6,299,840
	Republican	James Bartley Shuster • FEC S4CA00738

Colorado 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator John W. Hickenlooper* • FEC S0CO00575

	Independent	Clinton Roosevelt "Clint" Dale • FEC S4CO00452

Connecticut 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy* • FEC S2CT00132; 30 Jun 23; Tot $4,553,472; Dsb $1,748,092

	Republican	John J. Flynn • FEC S2CT00264
	Republican	Robert Finley Hyde • FEC S2CT00256; 30 Jun 23; Tot $350; Dsb $151

Delaware 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	~~Democratic~~	~~Senator Thomas R. "Tom" Carper - apparently not a candidate~~ • 22 May 2023: Announced retirement. "As last year came to a close ... Martha and I began to focus on what I should do next. If I ran for a 5th term in the Senate and won, it would be a record 15 statewide elections. After a good deal of prayer and introspection, and more than a few heart-to-heart conversations, we’ve decided we should run through the tape over the next 20 months and finish the important work that my staff and I have begun ..." • FEC S8DE00079; 30 Jun 23; Tot $230,666; Dsb $218,527
	Democratic	Member of Congress Lisa Blunt Rochester • 21 June 2023: "I'm running to represent Delaware in the United States Senate." • FEC S4DE00060; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,805,017; Dsb $275,116

	Republican	William Joseph "Bill" Taylor • FEC S4DE00086

	Independent Party Of Delaware	former state Senator Michael "Mike" Katz

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Christopher A. "Chris" Coons* • FEC S0DE00092

Florida 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	Matt Boswell • FEC S4FL00454
	Democratic	Phillip Charles "Phil" Ehr • FEC S4FL00587
	Democratic	former Member of Congress Alan Mark Grayson • Unsuccessful candidate: 2006; first elected: 2008; unsuccessful candidate for re-election: 2010; re-elected: 2012, 2014; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the US Senate: 2016; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the US House: 2018; unsuccessful candidate for re-election: 2020; unsuccessful candidate for nomination: 2022. • FEC S2FL00581; 30 Jun 23; Tot $120,611; Dsb $55,570
	Democratic	Donald "Don" Horan • FEC S4FL00538; 30 Jun 23; Tot $14,905; Dsb $9,274
	Democratic	Rodenay "Rod" Joseph • FEC S4FL00512; 30 Jun 23; Tot $7,244; Dsb $6,440
	Democratic	Bernard Korn • FEC S0FL00635
	~~Democratic~~	~~Josue Larose - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4FL00462; 30 Jun 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0
	Democratic	former Member of Congress Debbie Mucarsel-Powell • First elected: 2018; unsuccessful candidate for reelection: 2020. • FEC S4FL00611
	Democratic	Chase Anderson "Andy" Romagnano • FEC S4FL00561
	Democratic	former state Representative Brian Rush • FEC S4FL00595
	Democratic	Matthew Alexander Sanscrainte • FEC S4FL00488
	Democratic	Everett Stern • ? • FEC S4FL00579; 30 Sep 23; Tot $325; Dsb $325
	Democratic	Jason Williams

	Republican	Keith Gross • FEC S4FL00553; 30 Jun 23; Tot $669,431; Dsb $505,190
	Republican	Farid A. Khavari
	Republican	Patricia Marie Krentcil • aka Tan Mom • FEC S4FL00603
	*Republican*	*Senator Richard L. "Rick" Scott* • FEC S8FL00273; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,607,602; Dsb $3,738,112
	Republican	Joe Smith • FEC S4FL00629

	~~Green~~	~~Randy Toler - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4FL00447

	Libertarian	Wilson Instervil • FEC H4FL01163

	No Party Affiliation	Shantele R. Bennett
	No Party Affiliation	Grace Granda • FEC S2FL00425
	No Party Affiliation	Alix Christopher Toulme, Jr. • FEC S4FL00520

	Write-in	James "Jim" Davis • FEC S4FL00439
	Write-in	Salomon Hernandez, Sr. • FEC S4FL00546

Georgia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 2
	*Democratic*	*Senator T. Jonathan "Jon" Ossoff* • FEC S8GA00180

	Republican	Reagan Box • FEC S6GA00267

	Independent	DeVelle LaVaughn Jackson • FEC S6GA00275

Hawaii 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Mazie K. Hirono* • FEC S2HI00106; 30 Jun 23; Tot $762,716; Dsb $320,533

Idaho 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator James E. "Jim" Risch* • FEC S8ID00092

Illinois 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Richard J. "Dick" Durbin* • FEC S6IL00151

Indiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
	~~Democratic~~	~~Lauren Bushman - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4IN00147
	Democratic	former state Representative Robert Marc "Marc" Carmichael • FEC S4IN00279
	Democratic	Valerie L. McCray • FEC S2IN00166
	Democratic	Indianapolis City-County Council Member Keith Potts • FEC S4IN00261
	Democratic	Marshall Travis • FEC S4IN00162
	Democratic	Aleem Young

	Republican	Member of Congress James E. "Jim" Banks • District 3 • FEC S4IN00196; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,216,758; Dsb $1,025,979
	~~Republican~~	~~Senator Michael K. "Mike" Braun - apparently not a candidate~~ • 29 November 2022: Candidate for Governor in 2024. • FEC S8IN00171; 30 Jun 23; Tot $234; Dsb $72,894
	Republican	Wayne E. "Gunny" Harmon • FEC S4IN00238
	Republican	Douglas Ryan McGuire • Filed with the FEC for 2026. FEC ids S6IN00233, S6IN00241, S6IN00258 • FEC S6IN00233
	Republican	John Rust • 22 August 2023: A candidate can only run under the banner of a political party if their 2 most recent primary election votes were cast for that party or their county party chair signs off on their candidacy. Indiana does not have party registration. In 2016, Mr. Rust voted in the Republican Primary. In 2012, he voted in the Democratic Primary. The Republican Party County Chair had decided not sign off on Mr. Rust's candidacy. Reference 49D13-2309-PL-036487 Marion Superior Court. • FEC S4IN00253
	Republican	Anthony James Tibby • FEC S4IN00204

	Libertarian	Andrew Michael Horning • FEC S4IN00287

	Independent	Sean Adam Dada • FEC S4IN00220
	Independent	Richard Allen Kent • FEC S4IN00246

Iowa 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Joni K. Ernst* • FEC S4IA00129

Kansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Roger W. "Doc" Marshall* • FEC S0KS00315

Kentucky 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Mitch McConnell* • FEC S2KY00012

	Independent	Scott Micheal Duncan • FEC S6KY00195

Louisiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator William M. "Bill" Cassidy* • FEC S4LA00107

Maine 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	David Allen Costello • FEC S4ME00113; 30 Jun 23; Tot $35,993; Dsb $3,924

	*Independent*	*Senator Angus Stanley King, Jr.* • FEC S2ME00109; 30 Jun 23; Tot $818,803; Dsb $266,749

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Susan Margaret Collins* • FEC S6ME00159

Maryland 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Prince George's County Executive Angela D. Alsobrooks • FEC S4MD00327; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,730,020; Dsb $395,701
	~~Democratic~~	~~Senator Benjamin L. "Ben" Cardin - apparently not a candidate~~ • 1 May 2023: Senator Cardin will not seek re-election in 2024: "I have run my last election and will not be on the ballot in 2024, ..." • FEC S6MD03177; 30 Jun 23; Tot $24,425; Dsb $141,564
	Democratic	Juan Dominguez • FEC S4MD00350; 30 Jun 23; Tot $97,793; Dsb $33,579
	Democratic	Brian Edward Frydenborg • FEC S4MD00368
	Democratic	Montgomery County Council Member Will "Yemi" Jawando • FEC S4MD00301; 30 Jun 23; Tot $526,026; Dsb $211,782
	Democratic	Jerome Segal
	Democratic	Steven Henry "Steve" Seuferer • FEC S4MD00277
	Democratic	Member of Congress David J. Trone • 4 May 2023: Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2024. Member of Congress CD 6 • FEC S4MD00319; 30 Jun 23; Tot $9,914,807; Dsb $4,855,012
	Democratic	Andrew Jaye "A. J." Wildman

	Republican	Ray Bly
	Republican	Robin Ficker • FEC S4MD00293; 30 Jun 23; Tot $105,496; Dsb $105,496
	Republican	Lorie R. Friend
	Republican	Christopher Robert "Chris" Puleo • FEC S4MD00285

	Green	Moshe Y. Landman

	Independent	Shaunesi Yvette DeBerry • FEC S4MD00335 or S4MD00343 • FEC S4MD00335
	Independent	Emmanuel Onyekachi "Emmanuel" Osuchukwu • FEC S4MD00376

Massachusetts 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Elizabeth A. Warren* • FEC S2MA00170; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,021,365; Dsb $1,032,184

	Republican	Zakhai Akiba • FEC S4MA00317
	Republican	Robert Joseph "Bob" Antonellis • FEC S4MA00291; 30 Jun 23; Tot $5; Dsb $0
	Republican	John Berman • Resident of Washington state • FEC S4MA00267
	Republican	Rebekah Etique • FEC S4MA00309

	~~Libertarian~~	~~Louis Gregory "Lou" Marino - apparently not a candidate~~ • 11 September 2023: Passed away at age 48. • FEC S4MA00283

	Workers Party	Brandon James Griffin • FEC S4MA00325 or S4MA00333 • FEC S4MA00325

	~~Independent~~	~~Shiva Ayyadurai - apparently not a candidate~~ • 26 April 2022: Filed a termination report with the FEC. FEC S8MA00268 or S4MA00275 • FEC S8MA00268

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Edward John "Ed" Markey* • FEC S4MA00028

Michigan 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Nasser Beydoun • FEC S4MI00496; 30 Jun 23; Tot $149,885; Dsb $19,665
	Democratic	Zack Burns • FEC S4MI00488; 30 Jun 23; Tot $28,988; Dsb $18,844
	Democratic	Frank Eugene "Hill" Harper • FEC S4MI00553
	Democratic	former state Representative Leslie N. Love • FEC S4MI00504; 30 Jun 23; Tot $11,077; Dsb $104
	Democratic	state Board of Education President Pamela L. Pugh • FEC S4MI00538; 30 Jun 23; Tot $40,016; Dsb $21,847
	Democratic	Jacquise A. Purifoy
	Democratic	Member of Congress Elissa Slotkin • 27 February 2023: "... I'm announcing my run to be Michigan’s next U.S. Senator." • FEC S4MI00470; 30 Jun 23; Tot $5,875,627; Dsb $2,154,734
	~~Democratic~~	~~Senator Debbie Stabenow - apparently not a candidate~~ • 5 January 2023: "... I am announcing ... that I will not seek re-election and will leave ... at the end of my term on January 3, 2025 ... " • FEC S8MI00281; 30 Jun 23; Tot $76,089; Dsb $1,047,645

	Republican	Michael Hoover • FEC S4MI00454; 30 Jun 23; Tot $204,634; Dsb $43,914
	Republican	former Member of Congress Peter Meijer • First elected: 2020; unsuccessful candidate for renomination: 2022.
	Republican	Sherrell Anne "Sherry" O'Donnell • FEC S4MI00561
	Republican	former Member of Congress Michael J. "Mike" Rogers • First elected: 2000; reelected: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012; not a candidate for reelection: 2014. • FEC S4MI00595
	Republican	Oscoda Board of Education Trustee Sharon Maureen Savage • FEC S4MI00579
	Republican	former Berrien County Commissioner Ezra Scott
	Republican	state Board of Education Member Nicolette "Nikki" Snyder • FEC S4MI00462; 30 Jun 23; Tot $146,099; Dsb $32,805
	Republican	Alexandria J. Taylor • FEC S4MI00546
	Republican	J.D. Wilson • FEC S4MI00587

	Green	Douglas Philip "Doug" Marsh • FEC S4MI00512

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Gary C. Peters* • FEC S4MI00355

Minnesota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic-Farmer Labor	Steve Carlson
	*Democratic-Farmer Labor*	*Senator Amy J. Klobuchar* • FEC S6MN00267; 30 Jun 23; Tot $3,557,724; Dsb $1,253,566

	Republican	John Berman • Resident of Washington state. • FEC S4MN00478
	~~Republican~~	~~David A. Hilbrich - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4MN00460
	Republican	Joyce Lacey
	Republican	Patrick D. Munro • FEC S4MN00494
	~~Republican~~	~~Mike Ruoho - apparently not a candidate~~ • Filed for election in 2023 • FEC S4MN00486
	Republican	Royce White • FEC S4MN00502

Class 2
	*Democratic*	*Senator Tina Flint Smith* • FEC S8MN00578

Mississippi 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	Ty Pinkins • Candidate for Secretary of State in 2023. • FEC S4MS00187; 30 Jun 23; Tot $44,165; Dsb $36,413

	Republican	state Representative Dan Eubanks • FEC S4MS00195
	Republican	former state Representative Robert Foster
	*Republican*	*Senator Roger F. Wicker* • FEC S8MS00196; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,301,363; Dsb $652,167

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith* • FEC S8MS00261

Missouri 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	St. Louis County Prosecuting Attorney Wesley Bell • FEC S4MO00250; 30 Jun 23; Tot $162,473; Dsb $27,092
	Democratic	December L. Harmon • FEC S4MO00268; 30 Jun 23; Tot $6,399; Dsb $5,006
	~~Democratic~~	~~David Curtis Jefferson - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S0MO00175
	Democratic	Lucas Kunce • FEC S2MO00528; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,379,146; Dsb $1,194,855
	Democratic	state Senator Karla May • FEC S4MO00276

	*Republican*	*Senator Joshua David "Josh" Hawley* • FEC S8MO00160; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,198,652; Dsb $1,677,847

	Socialist Equality	Doris Ann Canaday • FEC S4MO00227

	Independent	Jared Young • FEC S4MO00284

	No Party Affiliation	Zack Exley • FEC S4MO00219

Montana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator R. Jon "Jon" Tester* • FEC S6MT00162; 30 Jun 23; Tot $10,110,495; Dsb $2,491,859

	Republican	Thomas John Madigan • FEC S4MT00167
	~~Republican~~	~~Jeremy Mygland - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4MT00175; 30 Jun 23; Tot $15,405; Dsb $42,293
	Republican	Tim Sheehy • FEC S4MT00183

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Steven "Steve" Daines* • FEC S2MT00096

Nebraska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	Michael James "Mike" Janulewicz • FEC S4NE00181

	*Republican*	*Senator Debra S. "Deb" Fischer* • FEC S2NE00094; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,097,287; Dsb $366,298

Class 2
	Republican	Grant City Superintendent Edward Dunn • FEC S6NE00137
	*Republican*	*Senator Pete Ricketts* • FEC S6NE00129; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,206,506; Dsb $190,169
	Republican	John Glen Weaver • FEC H2NE01159

Class 2

	Democratic	Paul Theobald • FEC S4NE00199

	*Republican*	*Senator Pete Ricketts* • FEC S4NE00173

	Independent	Dan Osborn • FEC S4NE00207

Nevada 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Allen Rheinhart
	*Democratic*	*Senator Jacklyn S. "Jacky" Rosen* • FEC S8NV00156; 30 Jun 23; Tot $5,119,323; Dsb $2,087,751
	Democratic	Troy Zakari "Zakari" Walker • FEC S4NV00320

	Republican	Sam Brown • FEC S4NV00288
	Republican	former Modesto, California City Council Member William Bryan "Bill" Conrad • FEC S4NV00296
	Republican	Heath Vincent Fulkerson • Filed for the US Senate in 2023 FEC S4NV00338 (no such election); Filed for the US House in 2026 FEC H6NV00135 • FEC S4NV00338
	Republican	Tony Grady • FEC S4NV00312
	Republican	Jeffrey Ross "Jeff" Gunter • FEC S4NV00304
	Republican	Ronda Kennedy • FEC S4NV00247; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,438; Dsb $2,452
	Republican	Barry Cameron Lindemann • FEC S2NV00415
	Republican	former state Assembly Member Jim Marchant • FEC S4NV00270; 30 Jun 23; Tot $111,648; Dsb $68,276
	Republican	Stephanie Phillips • FEC S4NV00262; 30 Jun 23; Tot $28,345; Dsb $26,095

	Independent	J.J. Destin
	~~Independent~~	~~Bradley Scott "Brad" Wing - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4NV00239

New Hampshire 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Jeanne Shaheen* • FEC S0NH00219

	Republican	former state Senator Chuck Morse • Candidate for Governor in 2024 • FEC S2NH00249
	Republican	Tejasinha Sivalingam • FEC S6NH00133

New Jersey 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Kevin Cupples • FEC S4NJ00433
	Democratic	Larry Hamm
	Democratic	Kyle Fort Jasey • FEC S4NJ00425
	*Democratic*	*Senator Robert "Bob" Menendez* • FEC S6NJ00289; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,706,495; Dsb $736,309

	Republican	Dan Cruz • FEC S4NJ00334
	Republican	Shirley Maia-Cusick • FEC S4NJ00359 or S4NJ00391 • FEC S4NJ00391; 30 Jun 23; Tot $194,927; Dsb $173,141
	Republican	Gregg Mele • FEC S4NJ00409
	Republican	Mendham Borough Major Christine "Chris" Serrano Glassner • FEC S4NJ00441

	Green	Christina Amira Khalil • FEC S4NJ00367

	Independent	Nicholas Matthew "Nick" Carducci • FEC S4NJ00342

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Cory A. Booker* • FEC S4NJ00185

New Mexico 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Martin Trevor Heinrich* • FEC S2NM00088; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,703,481; Dsb $978,896

	Republican	Robert Kwasny
	Republican	Benjamin Ralph Luna • FEC S4NM00159; 30 Jun 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0
	Republican	Reece Wright-Mcdonald • FEC S4NM00142

	Independent	Cameron Alton Chick, Sr. • FEC S4NM00134

	Unaffiliated	Jerry Rose • FEC S4NM00118

Class 2
	*Democratic*	*Senator Ben Ray Luján* • FEC S0NM00058

New York 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Tyrrell Lev Ben-Avi • FEC S2NY00374; 30 Jun 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0
	Democratic	Daniel Peter Foti • FEC S4NY00347
	*Democratic*	*Senator Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand* • FEC S0NY00410; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,956,460; Dsb $547,110
	~~Democratic~~	~~Reece Wright McDonald - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC LETTER INFORMATIONAL NOTICE • FEC S4NY00214
	Democratic	Khaled Salem • FEC S4NY00271 or S0NY00667 • FEC S0NY00667; 30 Jun 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0
	Democratic	William "Will" Schweitzer, VI • FEC S4NY00321

	Republican	David A. Bellon • FEC S4NY00313; 30 Jun 23; Tot $3,742; Dsb $0
	Republican	Calvin Job Driggers • FEC S2NY00382 or S4NY00289. • FEC S2NY00382

	~~American Independent~~	~~Yuexin Miller - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4NY00297

	~~Independent~~	~~Frank Cavalluzzi - apparently not a candidate~~ • 21 August 2023: Convicted of attempted murder.
	Independent	Diane Wilson Sare • FEC S2NY00325; 30 Jun 23; Tot $84,415; Dsb $82,400

	Not readily classifiable	Muhammad Ali Hh Temuri • UNITED PEOPLE'S PARTY. FEC S4NY00222, S4NY00230, S4NY00248, S4NY00255, S4NY00263, S4NY00339, S4NY00354 • FEC S4NY00222

Class 3

	Independent	Joshua O. "Josh" Madson • FEC S8NY00256

North Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Thomas Roland "Thom" Tillis* • FEC S4NC00162

North Dakota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	Katrina Christiansen • FEC S2ND00123; 20 Mar 23; Tot $0; Dsb $3,261

	*Republican*	*Senator Kevin Cramer* • FEC S8ND00120; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,634,223; Dsb $348,551

	No Party Affiliation	Kristin Ruth Hedger • FEC S4ND00061

Ohio 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Sherrod Brown* • FEC S6OH00163; 30 Jun 23; Tot $8,611,318; Dsb $3,331,527
	Democratic	Tariq K. Shabazz • FEC S4OH00218

	Republican	state Senator Matt Dolan • FEC S2OH00477; 30 Jun 23; Tot $4,671,950; Dsb $817,787
	Republican	Secretary of State Frank LaRose • 17 July 2023: Candidate for United States Senate. • FEC S4OH00200
	Republican	Bernie Moreno • FEC S4OH00192; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,260,803; Dsb $745,174
	Republican	Joel Mutchler • FEC S4OH00176

	Communist	Jessie Chen • ? • FEC S4OH00184

	Write-in	Stephen I. Faris • FEC S8OH00144; 30 Jun 23; Tot $193; Dsb $193

Oklahoma 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Markwayne Mullin* • FEC S2OK00186
	Republican	Tammy Swearengin • FEC S6OK04148

Oregon 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Jeffrey Alan "Jeff" Merkley* • FEC S8OR00207

Class 3

	Democratic	William Edward "Will" Barlow, III • FEC S2OR00127

Pennsylvania 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Robert P. "Bob" Casey, Jr.* • FEC S6PA00217; 30 Jun 23; Tot $4,472,650; Dsb $1,647,997
	~~Democratic~~	~~Nicholas D. Del Moore - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4PA00246
	Democratic	William Blaine "Blaine" Forkner • FEC S4PA00287

	Republican	Dave McCormick
	Republican	Tariq Syed Parvez • FEC S4PA00279
	Republican	Cory James Widmann • FEC S4PA00261

	Independent	Hussein Tartour-Aguirre • FEC S6PA00324
	Independent	Reece Master Wright-McDonald • ? • FEC S4PA00253

Rhode Island 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Allen Rodney Waters • FEC S4RI00069
	*Democratic*	*Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, II* • FEC S6RI00221; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,607,483; Dsb $374,723

	Republican	Raymond Tyler "Ray" McKay • FEC S4RI00051; 30 Jun 23; Tot $30,632; Dsb $22,323
	Republican	Patricia L. Morgan • FEC S4RI00085

	Write-in	Armando Anzoli • FEC S4RI00077

Class 2
	*Democratic*	*Senator John F. "Jack" Reed* • FEC S6RI00163

	Independent	Jon Lindley • FEC S6RI00254

South Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Lindsey Olin Graham* • FEC S0SC00149

South Dakota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Marion Michael "Mike" Rounds* • FEC S4SD00049

Tennessee 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	Marquita Bradshaw
	~~Democratic~~	~~Dylan Lee Fain - apparently not a candidate~~ • FEC S4TN00500
	Democratic	state Representative Gloria Johnson • FEC S4TN00526
	Democratic	Pamela Moses
	~~Democratic~~	~~Joanne Sowell - apparently not a candidate~~

	*Republican*	*Senator Marsha Blackburn* • FEC S8TN00337; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,433,621; Dsb $593,058

	Other	Wisdom Zerit Teklay • Filed for US Senate FEC S4TN00518, filed for US House CD 1 FEC H4TN01169 • FEC S4TN00518

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Bill Hagerty* • FEC S0TN00169

	Independent	Jason Jerrell Smith

Texas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Democratic	Member of Congress Colin Allred • 3 May 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate seat in 2024. Congressman CD 32 • FEC S4TX00722; 30 Jun 23; Tot $8,822,897; Dsb $3,090,935
	Democratic	Tracy Andrus, Sr. • FEC S4TX00680; 30 Jun 23; Tot $6,910; Dsb $5,400
	Democratic	Aaron Arguijo • FEC S4TX00599
	Democratic	Victor D. Dunn • FEC S4TX00664
	Democratic	Meri Lizet Gomez • FEC S4TX00771
	Democratic	former Nueces County District Attorney Mark A. Gonzalez • FEC S4TX00789
	Democratic	state Senator Roland Gutierrez • FEC S4TX00755
	Democratic	Steve Keough • FEC S4TX00748
	Democratic	Teresa Danise Naranjo • FEC S4TX00615
	Democratic	Heli Rodriguez-Prilliman • FEC S4TX00607; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,439; Dsb $2,089
	Democratic	state Representative Carl O. Sherman, Sr.
	Democratic	Sherri Lynn Taylor • FEC S4TX00623
	Democratic	Thierry Tchenko • FEC S4TX00706; 30 Jun 23; Tot $57,160; Dsb $6,634

	Republican	Cody Andrews • FEC S4TX00763
	Republican	John Berman • FEC S4TX00656
	*Republican*	*Senator Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz* • 14 February 2023: "I'm on the ballot in 2024. I'm running for re-election." • FEC S2TX00312; 30 Jun 23; Tot $4,647,387; Dsb $3,228,753
	Republican	former state Board of Education Member Carlos Emmanuel "Charlie" Garza • FEC S4TX00649
	Republican	Josiah James Ingalls • FEC S4TX00672; 30 Jun 23; Tot $3,302; Dsb $4,570
	Republican	Rennie Hill Mann • FEC S6TX00297
	Republican	Montgomery Lee Markland • FEC S4TX00730

	Independence	former Corpus Christi Mayor Eldon Daniel "Dan" McQueen • FEC S4TX00698 (Senate), FEC H0TX20124 (U.S. House) • FEC S4TX00698; 14 Jul 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator John Cornyn* • FEC S2TX00106

Utah 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1

	Republican	Roosevelt Mayor Rod "JR" Bird, Jr. • FEC S4UT00225
	Republican	Ty Jensen
	Republican	Gabriel Stuart Lobo-Blanco • FEC S4UT00183; 30 Jun 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0
	~~Republican~~	~~Senator Willard "Mitt" Romney - apparently not a candidate~~ • 13 September 2023: " ".... it's time for a new generation of leaders." • FEC S8UT00176; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,179,736; Dsb $204,019
	Republican	Riverton Mayo Trent Staggs • FEC S4UT00217; 30 Jun 23; Tot $220,573; Dsb $11,468
	Republican	state Representative Brad R. Wilson • FEC S4UT00209; 30 Jun 23; Tot $2,218,586; Dsb $78,197
	Republican	Brian Wright

Vermont 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Democratic

Class 1

	Democratic	Jon Svitavsky

	Independent	Cris Ericson
	*Independent*	*Senator Bernard "Bernie" Sanders* • FEC S4VT00033; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,564,521; Dsb $1,564,713

Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Timothy Michael "Tim" Kaine* • FEC S2VA00142; 30 Jun 23; Tot $3,537,246; Dsb $1,048,525
	Democratic	Zoey Maria King • FEC S2VA00217

	Republican	Hung Cao • FEC S4VA00353; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,970; Dsb $37,100
	Republican	Jonathan Walker Emord • FEC S4VA00247; 30 Jun 23; Tot $578,487; Dsb $524,989
	Republican	Edward "Eddie" Garcia • FEC S4VA00239; 30 Jun 23; Tot $94,999; Dsb $86,991
	Republican	Gwendolyn M. "Gwen" Hickman • FEC S4VA00254; 30 Jun 23; Tot $23,610; Dsb $13,509
	Republican	Kimberly Lowe • FEC S4VA00221; 30 Jun 23; Tot $14,755; Dsb $19,281
	Republican	Scott Thomas Parkinson • FEC S4VA00312; 30 Jun 23; Tot $362,332; Dsb $27,081
	Republican	C.L. "Chuck" Smith, Jr. • FEC S4VA00197; 30 Jun 23; Tot $123,340; Dsb $76,319
	Republican	Ron Vitiello • FEC S4VA00338; 30 Jun 23; Tot $20,238; Dsb $3,367
	Republican	TJ Wallace • Filed with the FEC as a Democrat S4VA00288 and as a Republican S4VA00304. Filed for President FEC P40011694. • FEC S4VA00304

	Independent	Jonathan T. "JT" Hardin • FEC S4VA00262
	Independent	Csaba Menezes Rusznak, Jr. • FEC S4VA00346
	Independent	Tiger Xiong • FEC S4VA00270

Class 2

	*Democratic*	*Senator Mark Robert Warner* • FEC S6VA00093

Washington 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
	Republican	Destiny Archer • FEC S4WA00565
	*Democratic*	*Senator Maria E. Cantwell* • FEC S8WA00194; 30 Jun 23; Tot $3,766,524; Dsb $868,091
	Republican	Raul Garcia • Candidate for Governor or Senate Class 1? • FEC S4WA00581
	Democratic	Paul Lawrence Giesick • FEC S4WA00599
	Republican	John Guenther • FEC S4WA00607
	Democratic	David Ishii • FEC H4WA09079
	Democratic	John Peterson • FEC S4WA00532
	Republican	Gregory Saunders • FEC S4WA00573
	Republican	Ryan Scott Searcy • FEC S4WA00615

West Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Joseph "Joe" Manchin, III* • FEC S0WV00090; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,641,248; Dsb $389,164
	Democratic	Zachary "Zach" Shrewsbury

	Republican	Governor James Conley "Jim" Justice, II • 27 April 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 Seat in 2024. • FEC S4WV00332; 30 Jun 23; Tot $935,036; Dsb $126,270
	Republican	Zane Lawhorn • FEC S4WV00340
	Republican	Member of Congress Alexander Xavier "Alex" Mooney • Member of Congress CD 2 • FEC S4WV00324; 30 Jun 23; Tot $916,327; Dsb $459,183
	~~Republican~~	~~Christopher Andrew "Chris" Rose - apparently not a candidate~~ • Candidate for West Virginia State Senate. • FEC S4WV00316; 21 Aug 23; Tot $10,684; Dsb $13,457

Class 2

	*Republican*	*Senator Shelley Moore Capito* • FEC S4WV00159

Wisconsin 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1

	*Democratic*	*Senator Tammy Baldwin* • FEC S2WI00219; 30 Jun 23; Tot $5,446,677; Dsb $2,940,535

	Republican	Trempealeau County Board Supervisor Stacey Klein • FEC S4WI00215
	Republican	Rejani Raveendran
	Republican	Patrick Carl Schaefer-Wicke • FEC S4WI00207
	Republican	John Schiess

	Libertarian	Phillip Norman "Phil" Anderson • FEC S4WI00173; 30 Jun 23; Tot $6,353; Dsb $2,440

	American Independent	Scott A. Aubart • FEC S4WI00181

Wyoming 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
	*Republican*	*Senator John A. Barrasso* • FEC S6WY00068; 30 Jun 23; Tot $1,752,000; Dsb $393,456
	Republican	Reid Rasner • FEC S4WY00162

Class 2
	*Republican*	*Senator Cynthia Marie Lummis* • FEC S0WY00137

Political Parties Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such.

Major Parties
	• Democratic
	• Democratic-Farmer Labor
	• Republican
Major Third Parties
	• Green
	• Libertarian
Other Third Parties
	• American Independent
	• American Solidarity
	• Communist
	• Independence
	• Independent Party Of Delaware
	• No Labels
	• Socialist Equality
	• Socialist Workers Party
	• Workers Party
Independents
	•
	• Independent
	• No Party Affiliation
	• No Party Preference
	• Other
	• Unaffiliated
Write-in/Scattered/otherwise not readily classifiable
	• Not readily classifiable
	• Write-in

Notes

Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot.

"FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary.

When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details.

If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements.

Senate Class

Class 1 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2019 and end their terms on 3 January 2025. The next regular election for these seats is in 5 November 2024.
Class 2 seats began their terms at noon on 3 January 2021 and end their terms on 3 January 2027. The next regular election for these seats is 3 November 2026.
Class 3 seats began their terms at noon on 3 January 2023 and end their terms on 3 January 2029. The next regular election for these seats is 7 November 2028.

For more information on Senate Classes refer to UNITED STATES SENATE: Electoral "Classes".

Article I, Section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows:

"Immediately after [the Senate of the United States] shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year..."

Pursuant to this Constitutional provision, a three-Senator Committee was appointed by the Senate on 11 May 1789 to come up with a plan to carry out the requirements of that provision; this Committee reported to the Senate on 14 May 1789 a plan to divide the then 20 Senators (there were 10 of the 13 original States represented in the Senate at the time- each having 2 Senators: North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the U.S. Constitution, while New York had so ratified but had failed to elect Senators as of that date) into the requisite three electoral Classes: under this plan, three groups of Senators (set up in such a way so as no State had its two Senators in the same group) were to be listed and the first Senator on each list (a list which was set up geographically north-to-south in the manner in which the Electoral Vote for President was counted before Congress at that time, so that two of the first Senators on these lists were from New Hampshire and the third was the first Senator in alphabetical order from Massachusetts) was to each blindly draw a piece of paper numbered either "1", "2" or "3" out of a box in the possession of the Secretary of the Senate. This plan being agreeable to the Senate and so approved, the drawing of lots in this manner was carried out the following day (15 May 1789)- such lot drawing ultimately determining that, to start with, Classes 1 and 2 were to have 7 Senators each and Class 3 was to have only 6 Senators.

When New York finally seated its two Senators during the ensuing Summer, there was another lot drawing (actually a double-lot drawing) on 28 July 1789 to determine the Classes for these seats: since one of the seats had to be Class 3 to make it equal in number to that of the other two Classes so far, the two New York Senators each blindly drew between two pieces of paper, one marked "3", the other which was blank- after this, there was a second lot drawing in which the New York Senator who had drawn the blank paper blindly drew again between two pieces of paper marked "1" and "2": he drew "1" so that New York would henceforth have Senators of electoral Classes 1 and 3.

When North Carolina seated its two Senators after ratifying the Constitution on 21 November 1789, there was yet another lot drawing (on 29 January 1790) in which North Carolina's two Senators each blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "2" and "3" (since there were now 12 States and, thus, 24 Senators: 24 being equally divisible by 3, there would now have to be 8 Senators in each of the three Classes to fulfill the Constitutional provision that, as nearly as was practicable, one third of the Senate be elected every second year).

After Rhode Island- the last of the 13 original States- finally ratified the Constitution on 29 May 1790 and subsequently seated its two Senators that Summer, there was yet one more lot drawing in the First Congress (on 25 June 1790) in which Rhode Island's two Senators blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "1", "2" and "3": one Senator drew "2", the other drew "1"- thereby determining electoral Classes 1 and 2 as those for the Senators from this State. When Vermont was admitted to the Union as the 14th state on 4 March 1791, there was again a double lot drawing as there had been for New York. From that day until this, whenever a new State has been admitted to the Union, these types of lot drawings (the type determined by the necessity of keeping the number of Senators in each electoral Class as close to one third as possible at the time of said lot drawing) between the new State's first Senators is held before the Senate to determine in just which of the three electoral Classes that State's Senate seats will be placed from then on.