The Green Papers: 2024 General Election |
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Arizona 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Member of Congress Ruben Gallego 23 January 2023: Member of Congress Ruben Gallego, CD 3, announced he will run for the Senate Class 1 seat in 2024. FEC S4AZ00139; 31 Mar 24; Tot $20,818,369; Dsb $12,446,226 |
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FEC S4AZ00154 |
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Independent? |
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California 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
FEC S4CA00845; 31 Mar 24; Tot $13,764; Dsb $11,091 |
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FEC S4CA00993; 30 Sep 23; Tot $16,528; Dsb $12,845 |
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US House District 12. FEC S4CA00589; 31 Mar 24; Tot $5,423,501; Dsb $5,093,171 |
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FEC S4CA00837; 28 Mar 24; Tot $456,535; Dsb $456,535 |
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FEC S4CA00910 |
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FEC S6CA00790 |
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10 January 2023: Member of Congress CD 47. Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2024. FEC S4CA00522; 31 Mar 24; Tot $31,536,916; Dsb $30,960,242 |
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FEC S4CA00746; 31 Mar 24; Tot $34,129; Dsb $29,351 |
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Filed for US Senate Class 1 (FEC S4CA00613) and US House CD 32 (FEC H4CA30123). FEC S4CA00613; 31 Mar 24; Tot $20,900; Dsb $16,895 |
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FEC S4CA00704 or S4CA00712 FEC S4CA00712; 31 Mar 24; Tot $6,318; Dsb $6,193 |
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Democratic | Member of Congress Adam B. Schiff 26 January 2023: Member of Congress CD 30. Candidate for US Senate Class 1 in 2024. FEC S4CA00555; 31 Mar 24; Tot $35,146,126; Dsb $51,348,262 |
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Class 1 | |||||
FEC S4CA00845; 31 Mar 24; Tot $13,764; Dsb $11,091 |
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US House District 12. FEC S4CA00589 or S4CA00829 FEC S4CA00589; 31 Mar 24; Tot $5,423,501; Dsb $5,093,171 |
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FEC S4CA00837; 28 Mar 24; Tot $456,535; Dsb $456,535 |
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10 January 2023: Member of Congress CD 47. Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2024. FEC S4CA00522; 31 Mar 24; Tot $31,536,916; Dsb $30,960,242 |
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Democratic | Member of Congress Adam B. Schiff 26 January 2023: Member of Congress CD 30. Candidate for US Senate Class 1 in 2024. FEC S4CA00555; 31 Mar 24; Tot $35,146,126; Dsb $51,348,262 |
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Colorado 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator John W. Hickenlooper FEC S0CO00575 |
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Connecticut 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy FEC S2CT00132; 31 Mar 24; Tot $9,342,921; Dsb $4,211,454 |
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Delaware 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Pamela Brown FEC S4DE00102 or S4DE00110 FEC S4DE00102 |
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22 May 2023: Announced retirement. "As last year came to a close ... Martha and I began to focus on what I should do next. If I ran for a 5th term in the Senate and won, it would be a record 15 statewide elections. After a good deal of prayer and introspection, and more than a few heart-to-heart conversations, we’ve decided we should run through the tape over the next 20 months and finish the important work that my staff and I have begun ..." FEC S8DE00079; 31 Mar 24; Tot $231,943; Dsb $602,160 |
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Democratic | Member of Congress Lisa Blunt Rochester 21 June 2023: "I'm running to represent Delaware in the United States Senate." FEC S4DE00060; 31 Mar 24; Tot $5,216,270; Dsb $2,533,914 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Christopher A. "Chris" Coons FEC S0DE00092 |
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Florida 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Matt Boswell FEC S4FL00454 |
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Democratic | Stanley Campbell FEC S4FL00637; 31 Mar 24; Tot $1,050,010; Dsb $278,754 |
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Democratic | former Member of Congress Alan Mark Grayson Unsuccessful candidate: 2006; first elected: 2008; unsuccessful candidate for re-election: 2010; re-elected: 2012, 2014; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the US Senate: 2016; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the US House: 2018; unsuccessful candidate for re-election: 2020; unsuccessful candidate for nomination: 2022. FEC S2FL00581; 31 Mar 24; Tot $518,991; Dsb $425,135 |
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Democratic | Donald "Don" Horan FEC S4FL00538; 29 Sep 23; Tot $73,455; Dsb $73,455 |
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Democratic | Rodenay "Rod" Joseph FEC S4FL00512; 31 Mar 24; Tot $28,596; Dsb $20,855 |
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Democratic | Bernard Korn FEC S0FL00635 |
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FEC S4FL00462; 31 Mar 24; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Democratic | former Member of Congress Debbie Mucarsel-Powell First elected: 2018; unsuccessful candidate for reelection: 2020. FEC S4FL00611; 31 Mar 24; Tot $7,291,927; Dsb $4,541,327 |
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Democratic | Marcos Antonio Reyes 6 October 2023: Filed with the FEC H4FL28034 for US House CD 28. 21 October 2023: Filed with the FEC S4FL00652 and S4FL00660 for US Senate Class 1. FEC S4FL00652 |
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Democratic | former state Representative Brian Rush FEC S4FL00595; 31 Mar 24; Tot $76,787; Dsb $41,580 |
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Democratic | Matthew Alexander Sanscrainte FEC S4FL00488 |
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Democratic | Everett Stern ? FEC S4FL00579; 30 Sep 23; Tot $325; Dsb $325 |
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Democratic | Jason Williams | ||||
Georgia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator T. Jonathan "Jon" Ossoff FEC S8GA00180 |
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Hawaii 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Mazie K. Hirono FEC S2HI00106; 31 Mar 24; Tot $2,023,651; Dsb $928,895 |
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Illinois 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Richard J. "Dick" Durbin FEC S6IL00151 |
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Democratic | Christopher Alexander Swann FEC S6IL00409 |
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Indiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | former state Representative Robert Marc "Marc" Carmichael FEC S4IN00279; 31 Mar 24; Tot $106,417; Dsb $58,031 |
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Democratic | Valerie L. McCray FEC S2IN00166; 31 Dec 23; Tot $4,816; Dsb $4,755 |
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Kansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Michael Soetart | ||||
Maine 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
FEC S4ME00139 |
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Democratic | David Allen Costello FEC S4ME00113; 31 Mar 24; Tot $72,304; Dsb $10,481 |
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Maryland 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Prince George's County Executive Angela D. Alsobrooks FEC S4MD00327; 31 Mar 24; Tot $7,162,819; Dsb $3,965,394 |
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Democratic | Michael W. "Mike" Cobb, Sr. | ||||
Democratic | Marcellus Crews FEC S4MD00392 |
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Democratic | Brian Edward Frydenborg FEC S4MD00368 |
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Democratic | former Charlottesville Virginia School Superintendant Scottie Jo Griffin FEC S4MD00491 or S4MD00509 or S2MD00628 FEC S4MD00491 |
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Democratic | Robert K. "Rob" Houton | ||||
Democratic | Joseph Perez FEC S2MD00594 |
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Democratic | Steven Henry "Steve" Seuferer FEC S4MD00277; 31 Dec 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Democratic | Member of Congress David J. Trone 4 May 2023: Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2024. Member of Congress CD 6 FEC S4MD00319; 31 Mar 24; Tot $42,416,906; Dsb $41,621,103 |
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Democratic | Andrew Jaye "A. J." Wildman FEC S4MD00459 or S4MD00475 or S2MD00651 or S4MD00558 FEC S4MD00459 |
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Massachusetts 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Elizabeth A. Warren FEC S2MA00170; 31 Mar 24; Tot $5,067,996; Dsb $2,992,094 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Edward John "Ed" Markey FEC S4MA00028 |
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Michigan 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Nasser Beydoun FEC S4MI00496; 31 Mar 24; Tot $855,335; Dsb $678,582 |
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FEC S4MI00488; 13 Jan 24; Tot $29,073; Dsb $24,783 |
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Democratic | Frank Eugene "Hill" Harper FEC S4MI00553; 31 Mar 24; Tot $2,037,767; Dsb $1,596,454 |
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18 January 2024: "... we have make the tough decision to suspend our campaign ... We simply could no longer compete financially." FEC S4MI00504; 31 Mar 24; Tot $23,395; Dsb $17,018 |
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Democratic | Member of Congress Elissa Slotkin 27 February 2023: "... I'm announcing my run to be Michigan’s next U.S. Senator." FEC S4MI00470; 31 Mar 24; Tot $16,094,088; Dsb $7,473,268 |
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5 January 2023: "... I am announcing ... that I will not seek re-election and will leave ... at the end of my term on January 3, 2025 ... " FEC S8MI00281; 31 Mar 24; Tot $156,144; Dsb $1,255,386 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Gary C. Peters FEC S4MI00355 |
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Minnesota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Derek Austin Logan FEC S4MN00528 |
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Mississippi 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Ty Pinkins Candidate for Secretary of State in 2023. FEC S4MS00187; 31 Mar 24; Tot $324,830; Dsb $189,790 |
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Missouri 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Mita Biswas | ||||
Democratic | December L. Harmon FEC S4MO00268; 31 Mar 24; Tot $14,728; Dsb $12,759 |
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FEC S0MO00175 |
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Democratic | Lucas Kunce FEC S2MO00528; 31 Mar 24; Tot $7,691,422; Dsb $4,395,006 |
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Democratic | state Senator Karla May FEC S4MO00276; 31 Mar 24; Tot $37,059; Dsb $30,755 |
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Montana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Michael "Mike" Hummert FEC S4MT00217 |
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Democratic | Senator R. Jon "Jon" Tester FEC S6MT00162; 31 Mar 24; Tot $28,698,402; Dsb $18,929,213 |
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Nebraska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Preston Love, Jr. FEC S4NE00223; 31 Mar 24; Tot $115,749; Dsb $105,240 |
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Nevada 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Jacklyn Sheryl "Jacky" Rosen FEC S8NV00156; 31 Mar 24; Tot $16,044,554; Dsb $7,258,873 |
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Democratic | California Board of Equalization Member Mike Schaefer FEC S4NV00387 |
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Democratic | Troy Zakari "Zakari" Walker FEC S4NV00320; 31 Mar 24; Tot $705; Dsb $676 |
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No Political Party; (Democratic) | Allen Rheinhart | ||||
New Hampshire 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Jeanne Shaheen FEC S0NH00219 |
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New Jersey 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Patricia Campos-Medina FEC S4NJ00508; 31 Mar 24; Tot $303,754; Dsb $259,372 |
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FEC S4NJ00433 |
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Democratic | Lawrence "Larry Lee" Hamm FEC S4NJ00458; 31 Mar 24; Tot $25,362; Dsb $11,424 |
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Democratic | Member of Congress Andrew "Andy" Kim 23 September 2023: "After calls to resign, Senator Menendez said 'I am not going anywhere.' As a result, I feel compelled to run against him. Not something I expected to do, but NJ deserves better. We cannot jeopardize the Senate or compromise our integrity." FEC S4NJ00466; 31 Mar 24; Tot $6,970,586; Dsb $2,928,254 |
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7 March 2024: Media reports indicate Senator Menendez will not run for re-election. 21 March 2024: "I will not file for the Democratic primary this June." FEC S6NJ00289; 31 Mar 24; Tot $3,805,449; Dsb $3,998,583 |
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FEC S4NJ00516 |
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24 March 2024: Dropped out. "I am suspending my Senate campaign today...." Wife of Governor Philip "Phil" Murphy (Democratic) FEC S4NJ00482; 31 Mar 24; Tot $4,666,077; Dsb $2,558,845 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Cory A. Booker FEC S4NJ00185 |
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New Mexico 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Martin Trevor Heinrich FEC S2NM00088; 31 Mar 24; Tot $5,978,433; Dsb $2,804,962 |
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FEC S4NM00167 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Ben Ray Luján FEC S0NM00058 |
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New York 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
FEC S2NY00374; 30 Jun 23; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Democratic; Working Families | Senator Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand FEC S0NY00410; 31 Mar 24; Tot $6,504,090; Dsb $1,605,614 |
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FEC LETTER INFORMATIONAL NOTICE FEC S4NY00214 |
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Democratic | Khaled Salem FEC S4NY00271 or S0NY00667 FEC S0NY00667; 31 Mar 24; Tot $16,000; Dsb $0 |
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"...I have made the difficult decision to suspend our campaign, effective December 4, 2023...." FEC S4NY00321; 11 Mar 24; Tot $6,016; Dsb $6,014 |
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North Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Member of Congress George Wilmarth "Wiley" Nickel, III 14 December 2023: "Republicans have rigged the system to favor themselves and I don't have a path to run for re-election ... in January I'm going to flip our US Senate seat blue." FEC S6NC00340 |
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Ohio 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Sherrod Brown FEC S6OH00163; 31 Mar 24; Tot $33,146,356; Dsb $20,590,612 |
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Oregon 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Jeffrey Alan "Jeff" Merkley FEC S8OR00207 |
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Class 3 | |||||
Democratic | William Edward "Will" Barlow, III FEC S2OR00127 |
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Pennsylvania 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Robert P. "Bob" Casey, Jr. FEC S6PA00217; 03 Apr 24; Tot $17,051,108; Dsb $8,246,511 |
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Rhode Island 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, II FEC S6RI00221; 31 Mar 24; Tot $3,283,405; Dsb $997,465 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator John F. "Jack" Reed FEC S6RI00163 |
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Tennessee 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Marquita Bradshaw FEC S4TN00542; 31 Mar 24; Tot $23,575; Dsb $16,438 |
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Democratic | Lola Denise "Lodie" Brown | ||||
FEC S4TN00500 |
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Democratic | state Representative Gloria Johnson FEC S4TN00526; 31 Mar 24; Tot $3,654,511; Dsb $1,605,525 |
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Democratic | Kevin Lee McCants | ||||
Democratic | Civil Marsha Miller-Watkins FEC S4TN00534; 31 Mar 24; Tot $12,739; Dsb $9,815 |
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Texas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Member of Congress Colin Allred 3 May 2023: Candidate for the U.S. Senate seat in 2024. Congressman CD 32 FEC S4TX00722; 31 Mar 24; Tot $27,910,143; Dsb $17,436,707 |
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FEC S4TX00771; 14 Feb 24; Tot $16,684; Dsb $16,984 |
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FEC S4TX00789; 14 Feb 24; Tot $14,967; Dsb $11,660 |
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FEC S4TX00755; 31 Mar 24; Tot $1,446,540; Dsb $1,392,130 |
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FEC S4TX00821; 27 Mar 24; Tot $2,440; Dsb $9,655 |
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FEC S4TX00748; 14 Feb 24; Tot $28,693; Dsb $29,040 |
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FEC S4TX00607; 31 Mar 24; Tot $10,122; Dsb $10,418 |
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FEC S4TX00805; 31 Mar 24; Tot $175,497; Dsb $159,299 |
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FEC S4TX00706; 31 Mar 24; Tot $142,864; Dsb $142,864 |
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Utah 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Caroline Gleich FEC S4UT00308; 07 Apr 24; Tot $389,535; Dsb $303,924 |
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Democratic | Laird Fetzer "Larry" Hamblin FEC S2UT00377; 30 Sep 24; Tot $145; Dsb $34 |
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Democratic | Archie A. Williams, III | ||||
Vermont 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Jon Svitavsky | ||||
Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Timothy Michael "Tim" Kaine FEC S2VA00142; 31 Mar 24; Tot $9,389,066; Dsb $4,462,604 |
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FEC S2VA00217 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Mark Robert Warner FEC S6VA00093 |
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Washington 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Maria E. Cantwell FEC S8WA00194; 31 Mar 24; Tot $8,652,174; Dsb $2,341,005 |
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Democratic | Paul Lawrence Giesick FEC S4WA00599 |
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Democratic | John Peterson FEC S4WA00532 |
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Democratic | Aria Rey Ursa FEC S4WA00623 |
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West Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Donald Leon "Don" Blankenship FEC S8WV00150; 31 Mar 24; Tot $1,000; Dsb $0 |
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Democratic | Wheeling Mayor Glenn Frederick Elliott, Jr. FEC S4WV00399; 31 Mar 24; Tot $110,207; Dsb $29,058 |
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Democratic | Zachary Chase "Zach" Shrewsbury FEC S4WV00357; 31 Mar 24; Tot $190,546; Dsb $139,586 |
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Wisconsin 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Democratic | Senator Tammy Baldwin FEC S2WI00219; 31 Mar 24; Tot $17,009,361; Dsb $9,797,069 |
Political Parties Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such. |
Major Parties | |
Democratic | |
Democratic-Farmer Labor | |
Democratic-Nonpartisan League | |
Republican | |
Major Third Parties | |
Constitution | |
Green | |
Libertarian | |
Other Third Parties | |
American Independent | |
American Solidarity | |
Communist | |
Conservative | |
Federalist | |
Independent American | |
Independent Greens | |
Independent Party Of Delaware | |
Legal Marijuana Now | |
No Labels | |
Socialist Equality | |
Socialist Workers Party | |
Workers Party | |
Working Families | |
Independents | |
| |
Independent | |
No Party Affiliation | |
No Party Preference | |
No Political Party | |
Nonparty | |
Other | |
Other Candidates | |
Unaffiliated | |
Write-in/Scattered/otherwise not readily classifiable | |
Not readily classifiable | |
Write-in |
Notes |
Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot. "FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary. When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details. If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements. Senate ClassClass 1 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2019 and end their terms on 3 January 2025. The next regular election for these seats is in 5 November 2024. For more information on Senate Classes refer to UNITED STATES SENATE: Electoral "Classes". Article I, Section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows: "Immediately after [the Senate of the United States] shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year..." Pursuant to this Constitutional provision, a three-Senator Committee was appointed by the Senate on 11 May 1789 to come up with a plan to carry out the requirements of that provision; this Committee reported to the Senate on 14 May 1789 a plan to divide the then 20 Senators (there were 10 of the 13 original States represented in the Senate at the time- each having 2 Senators: North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the U.S. Constitution, while New York had so ratified but had failed to elect Senators as of that date) into the requisite three electoral Classes: under this plan, three groups of Senators (set up in such a way so as no State had its two Senators in the same group) were to be listed and the first Senator on each list (a list which was set up geographically north-to-south in the manner in which the Electoral Vote for President was counted before Congress at that time, so that two of the first Senators on these lists were from New Hampshire and the third was the first Senator in alphabetical order from Massachusetts) was to each blindly draw a piece of paper numbered either "1", "2" or "3" out of a box in the possession of the Secretary of the Senate. This plan being agreeable to the Senate and so approved, the drawing of lots in this manner was carried out the following day (15 May 1789)- such lot drawing ultimately determining that, to start with, Classes 1 and 2 were to have 7 Senators each and Class 3 was to have only 6 Senators. When New York finally seated its two Senators during the ensuing Summer, there was another lot drawing (actually a double-lot drawing) on 28 July 1789 to determine the Classes for these seats: since one of the seats had to be Class 3 to make it equal in number to that of the other two Classes so far, the two New York Senators each blindly drew between two pieces of paper, one marked "3", the other which was blank- after this, there was a second lot drawing in which the New York Senator who had drawn the blank paper blindly drew again between two pieces of paper marked "1" and "2": he drew "1" so that New York would henceforth have Senators of electoral Classes 1 and 3. When North Carolina seated its two Senators after ratifying the Constitution on 21 November 1789, there was yet another lot drawing (on 29 January 1790) in which North Carolina's two Senators each blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "2" and "3" (since there were now 12 States and, thus, 24 Senators: 24 being equally divisible by 3, there would now have to be 8 Senators in each of the three Classes to fulfill the Constitutional provision that, as nearly as was practicable, one third of the Senate be elected every second year). After Rhode Island- the last of the 13 original States- finally ratified the Constitution on 29 May 1790 and subsequently seated its two Senators that Summer, there was yet one more lot drawing in the First Congress (on 25 June 1790) in which Rhode Island's two Senators blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "1", "2" and "3": one Senator drew "2", the other drew "1"- thereby determining electoral Classes 1 and 2 as those for the Senators from this State. When Vermont was admitted to the Union as the 14th state on 4 March 1791, there was again a double lot drawing as there had been for New York. From that day until this, whenever a new State has been admitted to the Union, these types of lot drawings (the type determined by the necessity of keeping the number of Senators in each electoral Class as close to one third as possible at the time of said lot drawing) between the new State's first Senators is held before the Senate to determine in just which of the three electoral Classes that State's Senate seats will be placed from then on. |
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