The Green Papers: 2018 General Election
 
Copyright www.flags.net/UNST.htm 115th Congress
Senate Seats by State

This is a list of the current Senate seats and the incumbents occupying them. Not counting special elections, 33 Senate Seats are up for election on 6 November 2018.

There have been 1 death, 3 resignations, and 0 changes re: party breakdown in the 115th Senate.

  • Senator Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions, III (Republican, Alabama Class 2) resigned on 8 February 2017 after being confirmed as Attorney General in the Trump administration by the U.S. Senate.
  • Senator Luther J. Strange, III (Republican, Alabama Class 2) was appointed on 9 February 2017 by Governor Robert J. Bentley (Republican).
  • Doug Jones (Democratic, Alabama Class 2) was elected in a Special Election on Tuesday 12 December 2017 and sworn on 3 January 2018.
  • Senator Al Franken (Democratic, Minnesota Class 2) resigned on 2 January 2018.
  • Senator Tina Smith (Democratic, Minnesota Class 2) was appointed by Governor Mark Dayton (Democratic) and sworn on 3 January 2018.
  • Senator Thad Cochran (Republican, Mississippi Class 2) resigned on 1 April 2018.
  • Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican, Mississippi Class 2) was appointed by Governor Governor Phil Bryant (Republican) and sworn on 9 April 2018.
  • Senator John Sidney McCain (Republican, Arizona Class 3) passed away on 25 August 2018 after a year-long battle with brain cancer.
  • Senator Jon Llewellyn Kyl (Republican, Arizona Class 3) was appointed on 4 September 2018 by Governor Doug Ducey (Republican) and sworn on 5 September 2018.
  • Senator Jon Llewellyn Kyl (Republican, Arizona Class 3) resigned on 31 December 2018.

  Alabama    Alaska    Arizona    Arkansas    California    Colorado    Connecticut    Delaware    Florida    Georgia    Hawaii    Idaho    Illinois    Indiana    Iowa    Kansas    Kentucky    Louisiana    Maine    Maryland    Massachusetts    Michigan    Minnesota    Mississippi    Missouri    Montana    Nebraska    Nevada    New Hampshire    New Jersey    New Mexico    New York    North Carolina    North Dakota    Ohio    Oklahoma    Oregon    Pennsylvania    Rhode Island    South Carolina    South Dakota    Tennessee    Texas    Utah    Vermont    Virginia    Washington    West Virginia    Wisconsin    Wyoming 

Legislative Links     Senate Electoral Classes

           

Arizona  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Open
Republican Senator Jeff Flake
First elected: 2012.
[also served in U.S. House- elected: 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2010]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Open Seat - 24 October 2017: Will not seek re-election in 2018.
 ** Open Seat (no incumbent) **
  Elected Democratic 1,191,100 49.96% Congressman Kyrsten Sinema
Congressman CD 9.
28 September 2017: Running for the Senate Class 1 Seat in 2018.

FEC S8AZ00197; 26 Nov 18; Tot $22,409,922; Dsb $24,461,372
  Candidate Republican 1,135,200 47.61% Congressman Martha E. McSally
Congressional District 2

FEC S8AZ00221; 26 Nov 18; Tot $21,832,760; Dsb $20,769,002
  Candidate Green 57,442 2.41% Angela Green
2 November 2018: Media reports indicate Angela Green dropped out and endorsed Kyrsten Sinema (Democratic). Angela Green remains on the ballot.
5 November 2018: Removed from the list of candidates by the Secretary of State.
  Candidate Write-in; (Libertarian) 365 0.02% Barry Hess
  Candidate Write-in; (The Old Republic) 46 0.00% Jonathan Ringham B
  Candidate Write-in; (None) 45 0.00% Michael DeCarlo
  Candidate Write-in; (Democratic) 42 0.00% Sheila May Bilyeu
FEC S2AZ00273
  Candidate Write-in; (Republican) 37 0.00% Robert Kay
  Candidate Write-in; (Independent) 29 0.00% Jeff Pearce
  Candidate Write-in 2 0.00% Edward Davida
ANTI-TERROR Party
Total 2,384,308 100.00%  

California  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected to finish out the term in a Special Election: 1992 [held to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Pete Wilson (Republican): 7 January 1991- which John Seymour (Republican) had been appointed by Governor Pete Wilson (Republican) to fill, 10 January 1991];
Elected to full term: 1994; re-elected 2000; 2006; 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
on General Election ballot
  Elected Democratic 6,019,422 54.16% Senator Dianne Feinstein
On General Election ballot
9 October 2017: Will run for re-election in 2018.

FEC S0CA00199; 26 Nov 18; Tot $18,604,600; Dsb $20,738,102
  Candidate Democratic 5,093,942 45.84% state Senator Kevin de León
On General Election ballot

FEC S8CA00408; 26 Nov 18; Tot $1,809,389; Dsb $1,748,122
Total 11,113,364 100.00%  

Connecticut  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic; Working Families 825,579 59.53% Senator Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy
FEC S2CT00132; 26 Nov 18; Tot $12,477,011; Dsb $8,624,631
  Candidate Republican 545,717 39.35% Matthew McKinnon Corey
FEC S8CT00121; 26 Nov 18; Tot $191,511; Dsb $171,196
  Candidate Libertarian 8,838 0.64% Richard Lion
  Candidate Green 6,618 0.48% Jeff Russell
  Candidate Write-in; (Independent) 70 0.01% Fred M. Linck
Socialist

FEC S8CT00147
  Candidate Write-in 18 0.00% Kristi L. Talmadge
Total 1,386,840 100.00%  

Delaware  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Thomas R. "Tom" Carper
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2000; re-elected 2006, 2012
[also served in U.S. House- elected: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990;
elected Governor: 1992; re-elected: 1996]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 217,385 59.95% Senator Thomas R. "Tom" Carper
FEC S8DE00079; 26 Nov 18; Tot $3,221,958; Dsb $2,986,026
  Candidate Republican 137,127 37.82% Sussex County Councilman Robert B. "Rob" Arlett
FEC S8DE00145; 26 Nov 18; Tot $225,814; Dsb $221,286
  Candidate Green 4,170 1.15% Demitri George Theodoropoulos
FEC S8DE00152
  Candidate Libertarian 3,910 1.08% Nadine M. Frost
FEC S8DE00160
  Candidate Write-in     Barry Eveland
  Candidate Write-in     Peter Todd Farina
  Candidate Write-in     Matthew Water Stout
Total 362,592 100.00%  

Florida  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Bill Nelson
Served in U.S. House- elected: 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988. First elected to the U.S. Senate: 2000; re-elected 2006, 2012, 2016.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated -
9 July 2015: Announced he has prostate cancer and will undergo surgery on 13 July.
  Elected Republican 4,099,505 50.05% Governor Richard L. "Rick" Scott
FEC S8FL00273; 26 Nov 18; Tot $84,694,317; Dsb $83,011,351
  Candidate Democratic 4,089,472 49.93% Senator Bill Nelson
FEC S8FL00166; 26 Nov 18; Tot $32,351,365; Dsb $31,021,445
  Candidate Write-in; (Republican) 467 0.01% Lateresa Ann "L.A." Jones
FEC S6FL00277; 30 Sep 18; Tot $200; Dsb $129
  Candidate Write-in; (No Party Affiliation) 220 0.00% David Kenneth Weeks
FEC S0FL00247
  Candidate Write-in 121 0.00% Charles Frederick Tolbert
FEC S6FL00533
  Candidate Write-in; (Republican) 113 0.00% Howard Knepper
FEC S0FL00544
  Candidate Write-in; (No Party Affiliation) 107 0.00% Michael Stephen "Lev" Levinson
Total 8,190,005 100.00%  

Hawaii  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Mazie K. Hirono
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 276,316 69.31% Senator Mazie K. Hirono
FEC S2HI00106; 26 Nov 18; Tot $3,250,456; Dsb $2,943,853
  Candidate Republican 112,035 28.10% Ronald C. "Ron" Curtis
FEC S8HI00210; 26 Nov 18; Tot $19,925; Dsb $18,376
  Candidate Scattering 10,180 2.55% Blank Votes
  Candidate Scattering 126 0.03% Over Votes
 16 May 2017: Senator Mazie K. Hirono announced she has kidney cancer and her doctors expect a full recovery.
Total 398,657 100.00%  

Indiana  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Joseph Simon "Joe" Donnelly
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 1,158,000 50.73% former state Representative Mike Braun
FEC S8IN00171; 26 Nov 18; Tot $19,454,007; Dsb $19,436,255
  Candidate Democratic 1,023,553 44.84% Senator Joseph Simon "Joe" Donnelly
FEC S2IN00091; 26 Nov 18; Tot $14,576,900; Dsb $15,669,110
  Candidate Libertarian 100,942 4.42% Lucy M. Brenton
FEC S6IN00225
  Candidate Write-in; (Independent) 52 0.00% Nathan J. Altman
FEC S8IN00213; 26 Nov 18; Tot $50,055; Dsb $49,705
  Candidate Write-in; (Independent) 12 0.00% Christopher Fischer
FEC S8IN00221
  Candidate Write-in; (Other) 6 0.00% James L. Johnson, Jr.
Total 2,282,565 100.00%  

Maine  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Independent Senator Angus Stanley King, Jr.
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012 as an Independent (announced that he will caucus with the Democrats 14 November 2012 and again on 5 November 2014)
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
22 June 2015: Senator Angus King announced the he has been diagnosed prostate cancer and does not expect it to interfere with this duties. He plans to run for re-election in 2018.
  Elected Independent 344,575 53.33% Senator Angus Stanley King, Jr.
FEC S2ME00109; 26 Nov 18; Tot $4,822,126; Dsb $4,419,388
  Candidate Republican 223,502 34.59% state Senator Eric L. Brakey
FEC S8ME00130; 31 Dec 18; Tot $962,795; Dsb $962,183
  Candidate Democratic 66,268 10.26% Zackary E. "Zak" Ringelstein
Democratic Socialists of America

FEC S8ME00155; 26 Nov 18; Tot $387,940; Dsb $382,352
  Candidate Scattering 11,655 1.80% Blank
  Candidate Scattering 64 0.01% Others
  Candidate Write-in; (Republican)     James N. Riley, Jr.
FEC S8ME00171; 06 Dec 18; Tot $0; Dsb $74
Total 646,064 100.00%  

Maryland  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Benjamin L. "Ben" Cardin
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 1,491,614 64.86% Senator Benjamin L. "Ben" Cardin
FEC S6MD03177; 26 Nov 18; Tot $4,061,524; Dsb $3,369,879
  Candidate Republican 697,017 30.31% Antono Wade "Tony" Campbell
FEC S8MD00328; 31 Dec 18; Tot $209,098; Dsb $207,492
  Candidate Unaffiliated 85,964 3.74% Neal Simon
FEC S8MD00302; 31 Dec 18; Tot $2,110,224; Dsb $2,110,122
  Candidate Libertarian 22,943 1.00% Arvin Vohra
FEC S6MD03664
  Candidate Scattering 1,650 0.07% Other Write-Ins
  Candidate Write-in; (Democratic) 364 0.02% Lih Young
FEC S6MD03375
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 247 0.01% Michael B. Puskar
FEC S8MD00393; 26 Nov 18; Tot $6,014; Dsb $6,014
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 90 0.00% Edward Shlikas
Total 2,299,889 100.00%  

Massachusetts  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Elizabeth A. Warren
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 1,633,371 59.34% Senator Elizabeth A. Warren
FEC S2MA00170; 26 Nov 18; Tot $25,670,797; Dsb $18,013,128
  Candidate Republican 979,210 35.57% Geoff Diehl
FEC S8MA00276; 26 Nov 18; Tot $3,012,500; Dsb $2,980,363
  Candidate Independent 91,710 3.33% Shiva Ayyadurai
FEC S8MA00268; 26 Nov 18; Tot $5,008,571; Dsb $4,992,417
  Candidate Scattering 45,575 1.66% Blanks
  Candidate Scattering 2,799 0.10% All Others
Total 2,752,665 100.00%  

Michigan  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Debbie Stabenow
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2000; re-elected 2006, 2012
[also served in U.S. House- elected: 1996, 1998]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 2,214,478 52.26% Senator Debbie Stabenow
FEC S8MI00281; 26 Nov 18; Tot $13,439,946; Dsb $14,735,267
  Candidate Republican 1,938,818 45.76% John E. James
FEC S8MI00372; 26 Nov 18; Tot $12,554,617; Dsb $11,805,597
  Candidate Green 40,204 0.95% Marcia Squier
FEC S8MI00430
  Candidate U.S. Taxpayers 27,251 0.64% George E. Huffman, III
FEC S8MI00455
  Candidate Natural Law 16,502 0.39% John Howard Wilhelm
  Candidate Write-in 10 0.00% Tom Bagwell
  Candidate Write-in; (Republican; Independent) 5 0.00% Valerie Lee Willis
FEC S8MI00422; 30 Sep 18; Tot $2,337; Dsb $16,944
  Candidate Write-in 3 0.00% Tim Yow
  Candidate Write-in 0 0.00% William F. White
Total 4,237,271 100.00%  

Minnesota  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Amy J. Klobuchar
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic-Farmer Labor 1,566,174 60.31% Senator Amy J. Klobuchar
FEC S6MN00267; 26 Nov 18; Tot $8,026,906; Dsb $6,408,419
  Candidate Republican 940,437 36.21% state Representative James Wallace "Jim" Newberger
FEC S8MN00552; 26 Nov 18; Tot $258,494; Dsb $250,489
  Candidate Legal Marijuana Now 66,236 2.55% Dennis Schuller
FEC S8MN00727
  Candidate Minnesota Green Party 23,101 0.89% Paula M. Overby
FEC S6MN00416
  Candidate Scattering 931 0.04% WRITE-IN
  Candidate Write-in; (Socialist Workers Party)     Helen Meyers
Total 2,596,879 100.00%  

Class 2
Seat up for special election
Special Election
Democratic
Seat up for special election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Special Election -
Next regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2020
  Elected Democratic-Farmer Labor 1,370,540 52.97% Senator Tina Flint Smith
FEC S8MN00578; 26 Nov 18; Tot $9,154,180; Dsb $8,603,135
  Candidate Republican 1,095,777 42.35% state Senator Karin Housley
FEC S8MN00586; 31 Dec 18; Tot $4,697,809; Dsb $4,682,067
  Candidate Legal Marijuana Now 95,614 3.70% Sarah Wellington
FEC S8MN00735
  Candidate Unaffiliated 24,324 0.94% Jerry Trooien
FEC S8MN00636; 26 Nov 18; Tot $1,647,379; Dsb $1,646,229
  Candidate Scattering 1,101 0.04% WRITE-IN
Total 2,587,356 100.00%  

Mississippi  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Republican Senator Roger F. Wicker
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
Appointed 31 December 2007 to fill the vacancy caused by the 18 December 2007 resignation of Senator Trent Lott. First elected in a special election: 4 November 2008. Re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 547,619 58.49% Senator Roger F. Wicker
FEC S8MS00196; 26 Nov 18; Tot $6,110,561; Dsb $5,767,493
  Candidate Democratic 369,567 39.47% state Representative David Wayne Baria
Proceeds to Runoff, 26 June 2018

FEC S8MS00253; 17 Oct 18; Tot $781,291; Dsb $702,697
  Candidate Libertarian 12,981 1.39% Danny Bedwell
FEC S8MS00337
  Candidate Reform 6,048 0.65% Shawn O'Hara
circa 20 November 2018: Deceased

FEC S4MS00062
Total 936,215 100.00%  

Class 2
Seat up for special election
Special Election
Republican
Seat up for special election: Tuesday 27 November 2018
Special Election - Caused by the 1 April 2018 resignation of Senator Thad Cochran (Republican).
Since no candidate received a majority of the vote in the 6 November 2018 election, there will be a Tuesday 27 November 2018 non-partisan runoff between Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican) and former Congressman Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (Democratic).
  Elected Nonpartisan; (Republican) 486,769 53.63% Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith
6 November 2018: Proceeds to 27 November runoff.

FEC S8MS00261; 17 Dec 18; Tot $5,511,098; Dsb $5,447,353
  Candidate Nonpartisan; (Democratic) 420,819 46.37% former Congressman Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy
First elected to the U.S. House: 1986. Re-elected 1988, 1990, 1992. Resigned: 22 January 1993 after having been appointed Secretary of Agriculture by President William J. "Bill" Clinton. Served as Secretary of Agriculture: 1993-1994.
6 November 2018: Proceeds to 27 November runoff.

FEC S8MS00287; 17 Dec 18; Tot $7,330,130; Dsb $7,091,999
 

3 April 2018: Governor Phil Bryant (Republican) set 6 November 2018 as the date for the Special U.S. Senate election. If no one receives a majority in the primary, the top 2 vote getters proceed to a 27 November non-partisan runoff. For special elections, all candidates run in a non-partisan primary. Party labels do not appear on the ballot. The filing deadline is 24 April.

6 November 2018 General Election Results: Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (Nonpartisan, Republican) 41.59%; former Congressman Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (Nonpartisan, Democratic) 40.56%; state Senator Christopher Brian "Chris" McDaniel (Nonpartisan, Republican) 16.42%; Tobey Bernard Bartee (Nonpartisan, Democratic) 1.44%.

Since no candidate received a majority of the vote in the 6 November 2018 election, there will be a Tuesday 27 November 2018 non-partisan runoff between Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican) 41.59% and former Congressman Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (Democratic) 40.56%.

Total 907,588 100.00%  

Missouri  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Claire C. McCaskill
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 1,254,927 51.38% state Attorney General Joshua David "Josh" Hawley
FEC S8MO00160; 26 Nov 18; Tot $11,813,753; Dsb $11,310,611
  Candidate Democratic 1,112,935 45.57% Senator Claire C. McCaskill
FEC S6MO00305; 26 Nov 18; Tot $37,714,468; Dsb $38,027,957
  Candidate Independent 34,398 1.41% Craig O'Dear
FEC S8MO00202; 31 Dec 18; Tot $634,715; Dsb $622,114
  Candidate Libertarian 27,316 1.12% Japheth Ray Campbell
FEC S8MO00152; 26 Nov 18; Tot $1,785; Dsb $1,784
  Candidate Green 12,706 0.52% Jo Crain
FEC S8MO00327; 26 Nov 18; Tot $6,335; Dsb $6,050
  Candidate Write-in 4 0.00% Gina Bufe
  Candidate Write-in 2 0.00% Martin Luther Dzerzhinsky Lindstedt
  Candidate Write-in 1 0.00% Rodney Stock
  Candidate Scattering 0 0.00% WRITE-INS:
  Candidate Write-in 0 0.00% Cassie Ganier
  Candidate Write-in 0 0.00% Steven Wallace
 22 February 2016: Senator Claire C. McCaskill announced that she has been diagnosed with breast cancer and indicated her prognosis is good.
Total 2,442,289 100.00%  

Montana  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator R. Jon "Jon" Tester
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 253,876 50.33% Senator R. Jon "Jon" Tester
FEC S6MT00162; 26 Nov 18; Tot $18,679,582; Dsb $19,513,898
  Candidate Republican 235,963 46.78% Auditor Matt Rosendale
31 July 2017: Running for the U.S. Senate Class 1 seat in 2018.

FEC S8MT00234; 26 Nov 18; Tot $5,954,647; Dsb $5,724,818
  Candidate Libertarian 14,545 2.88% Rick Breckenridge
31 October 2018: There are reports that Rick Breckenridge dropped out and endorsed Matt Rosendale (Republican). The candidate wrote on his Facebook page on 31 October: "... I have not dropped out of the US Senate race. I will finish this race to the very end. I do not quit a job before it is finished."
1 November 2018: "Just got off conference call where Libertarian candidate Rick Breckenridge throws support to Republican Matt Rosendale ..." -- Phil Drake.
Rick Breckenridge remains on the ballot.

FEC S8MT00309
  Candidate Write-in; (Green)     Steve Kelly
9 July 2018: Montana court removed the Green Party from the ballot. Larson v State of Montana, DDV-2018-2945.

FEC S8MT00283
Total 504,384 100.00%  

Nebraska  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Republican Senator Debra S. "Deb" Fischer
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 403,151 57.72% Senator Debra S. "Deb" Fischer
FEC S2NE00094; 26 Nov 18; Tot $4,483,605; Dsb $4,939,809
  Candidate Democratic 269,917 38.65% Lincoln City Councilmember Jane Michele Raybould
FEC S8NE00182; 26 Nov 18; Tot $2,105,373; Dsb $2,077,047
  Candidate Libertarian 25,349 3.63% Jim Schultz
FEC S8NE00240
Total 698,417 100.00%  

Nevada  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Republican, 1 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Republican Senator Dean Heller
First appointed: 3 May 2011 (re: resignation of Senator John Eric Ensign [Republican]); first elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 490,071 50.41% Congressman Jacklyn S. "Jacky" Rosen
Congressman Congressional District 3

FEC S8NV00156; 26 Nov 18; Tot $26,107,879; Dsb $25,675,631
  Candidate Republican 441,202 45.38% Senator Dean Heller
FEC S2NV00183; 26 Nov 18; Tot $12,887,289; Dsb $14,023,962
  Candidate None of these candidates 15,303 1.57% None of these candidates
  Candidate No Political Party 9,269 0.95% Barry Michaels
FEC S8NV00214
  Candidate Libertarian 9,196 0.95% Timothy "Tim" Hagan
FEC S8NV00206
  Candidate Independent American 7,091 0.73% Kamau A. Bakari
FEC S8NV00230
Total 972,132 100.00%  

New Jersey  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Robert "Bob" Menendez
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
Appointed by Governor Jon S. Corzine to fill the vacancy caused by Corzine having resigned this seat 17 January 2006 upon taking the Oath of Office as Governor of the State; first elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012.
[Previously served in the U.S. House to which he was first elected in 1992: subsequently re-elected in 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated -
6 March 2015: Facing potential Federal Corruption charges.
1 April 2015: Indicted by a Federal Grand Jury re: corruption charges.
16 November 2017: Mistrial declared after the jury deadlocks.
  Elected Democratic 1,711,654 54.01% Senator Robert "Bob" Menendez
FEC S6NJ00289; 26 Nov 18; Tot $9,571,889; Dsb $10,927,111
  Candidate Republican 1,357,355 42.83% Robert "Bob" Hugin
FEC S8NJ00509; 26 Nov 18; Tot $39,228,723; Dsb $38,682,254
  Candidate Green 25,150 0.79% Madelyn R. Hoffman
FEC S8NJ00558; 26 Nov 18; Tot $5,893; Dsb $5,488
  Candidate Libertarian 21,212 0.67% Murray Sabrin
FEC S8NJ00285; 26 Nov 18; Tot $42,399; Dsb $41,601
  Candidate For The People 19,897 0.63% Natalie Lynn Rivera
FEC S8NJ00533
  Candidate New Day NJ 16,101 0.51% Patricia "Tricia" Flanagan
FEC S8NJ00541; 30 Jun 18; Tot $8,529; Dsb $7,967
  Candidate Make It Simple 9,087 0.29% Kevin Kimple
FEC S8NJ00566
  Candidate Economic Growth 8,854 0.28% Hank Schroeder
FEC S4NJ00326
Total 3,169,310 100.00%  

New Mexico  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Martin Trevor Heinrich
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012.
Previously served in the U.S. House elected 2008, re-elected 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 376,998 54.09% Senator Martin Trevor Heinrich
FEC S2NM00088; 26 Nov 18; Tot $6,356,791; Dsb $7,180,573
  Candidate Republican 212,813 30.53% Mick Rich
FEC S8NM00200; 31 Dec 18; Tot $968,899; Dsb $967,618
  Candidate Libertarian 107,201 15.38% former Governor Gary Earl Johnson
4 August 2018: After state Land Commissioner Aubrey Dunn withdrew from the contest, the Libertarian Party nominated former Governor Gary Johnson. Mr. Johnson has until 18 August to decide whether to accept.
13 August 2018: Accepted.

FEC S8NM00226; 26 Nov 18; Tot $395,048; Dsb $392,691
Total 697,012 100.00%  

New York  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
23 January 2009: Appointed by Governor David Paterson to fill the vacancy caused by the 21 January 2009 resignation of Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton in order to enter upon her duties as U.S. Secretary of State. Sworn 27 January 2009 to serve until a Special Election was held in November 2010 for the remainder of the term ending 3 January 2013. First elected in a special election: 2010; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic; Independence; Women's Equality; Working Families 4,056,931 64.90% Senator Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand
FEC S0NY00410; 26 Nov 18; Tot $17,858,392; Dsb $9,589,099
  Candidate Republican; Reform; Conservative 1,998,220 31.97% Chele Chiavacci Farley
5 April 2018: Reform Petitions invalid.

FEC S8NY00215; 26 Nov 18; Tot $1,400,384; Dsb $1,313,779
  Candidate Scattering 190,794 3.05% Blank
  Candidate Scattering 3,872 0.06% Scattering
  Candidate Scattering 1,069 0.02% Void
Total 6,250,886 100.00%  

North Dakota  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Heidi Heitkamp
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 179,720 55.11% Congressman Kevin Cramer
15 February 2018: Sent a Facebook invite for a "Cramer for Senate Announcement & Rally".
7 April 2018: Received his party's endorsement.

FEC S8ND00120; 26 Nov 18; Tot $6,019,819; Dsb $6,140,040
  Candidate Democratic-Nonpartisan League 144,376 44.27% Senator Heidi Heitkamp
FEC S2ND00099; 26 Nov 18; Tot $29,518,863; Dsb $23,356,167
  Candidate Scattering 2,042 0.63% write-in
Total 326,138 100.00%  

Ohio  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 2,358,508 53.40% Senator Sherrod Brown
FEC S6OH00163; 26 Nov 18; Tot $22,664,698; Dsb $24,006,640
  Candidate Republican 2,057,559 46.58% Congressman James B. "Jim" Renacci
House CD 16

FEC S8OH00102; 26 Nov 18; Tot $12,028,480; Dsb $12,169,242
  Candidate Write-in 1,017 0.02% Stephen I. Faris
FEC S8OH00144; 26 Nov 18; Tot $8,049; Dsb $8,049
Total 4,417,084 100.00%  

Pennsylvania  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Robert P. "Bob" Casey, Jr.
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 2,792,437 55.74% Senator Robert P. "Bob" Casey, Jr.
FEC S6PA00217; 26 Nov 18; Tot $17,759,604; Dsb $18,763,042
  Candidate Republican 2,134,848 42.62% Congressman Louis J. "Lou" Barletta
Congressman CD 11.
28 August 2017: Running for the Class 1 Senate Seat in 2018.

FEC S8PA00320; 26 Nov 18; Tot $7,399,620; Dsb $7,634,797
  Candidate Libertarian 50,907 1.02% Dale Ronald Kerns, Jr.
FEC S8PA00254; 17 Oct 18; Tot $208,026; Dsb $195,486
  Candidate Green 31,208 0.62% Neal Gale
FEC S8PA00346; 26 Nov 18; Tot $882; Dsb $48
  Candidate Write-in; (Socialist Workers Party)     Osborne Hart
Total 5,009,400 100.00%  

Rhode Island  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, II
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 231,477 61.44% Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, II
FEC S6RI00221; 26 Nov 18; Tot $5,176,950; Dsb $5,351,545
  Candidate Republican 144,421 38.33% former Rhode Island Supreme Court Justice Robert G. "Bob" Flanders, Jr.
FEC S8RI00128; 26 Nov 18; Tot $1,206,970; Dsb $1,192,132
  Candidate Scattering 840 0.22% WRITE-IN
Total 376,738 100.00%  

Tennessee  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Open
Republican Senator Robert P. "Bob" Corker, Jr.
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Open Seat - 26 September 2017: "After much thought, consideration and family discussion ... I have decided that I will leave the United States Senate when my term expires ...."
 ** Open Seat (no incumbent) **
  Elected Republican 1,227,483 54.71% Congressman Marsha Blackburn
CD 7.
4 October 2017: Running for the Class 1 Senate Seat in 2018.

FEC S8TN00337; 26 Nov 18; Tot $14,594,080; Dsb $16,302,928
  Candidate Democratic 985,450 43.92% former Governor Philip N. "Phil" Bredesen
FEC S8TN00386; 26 Nov 18; Tot $19,621,658; Dsb $19,136,023
  Candidate Independent 9,455 0.42% former Morgan County Commissioner Trudy A. Austin
FEC S8TN00428
  Candidate Independent 8,717 0.39% former Nashville Mayor Dean Hill
FEC S8TN00444
  Candidate Independent 5,084 0.23% Kris L. Todd
FEC S8TN00469
  Candidate Independent 3,398 0.15% John "Jae" Carico
FEC S8TN00436
  Candidate Independent; (Republican) 2,226 0.10% Robert Breton "Breton" Phillips
FEC S8TN00477; 19 Nov 18; Tot $5,549; Dsb $5,549
  Candidate Independent 1,927 0.09% Kevin Lee McCants
FEC S8TN00451
Total 2,243,740 100.00%  

Texas  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Republican Senator Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 4,260,553 50.89% Senator Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz
FEC S2TX00312; 26 Nov 18; Tot $35,028,282; Dsb $38,973,173
  Candidate Democratic 4,045,632 48.33% Congressman Robert "Beto" O'Rourke
31 March 2017: Announced that he is running for the U.S. Senate Class I seat in 2018.

FEC S8TX00285; 26 Nov 18; Tot $80,319,754; Dsb $80,241,761
  Candidate Libertarian 65,470 0.78% Neal Monroe Dikeman
FEC S8TX00418; 31 Dec 18; Tot $33,732; Dsb $33,398
Total 8,371,655 100.00%  

Utah  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Open
Republican Senator Orrin G. Hatch
First elected: 1976; re-elected: 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Open Seat - 02 January 2018: "I've decided to retire at the end of this term...."
 ** Open Seat (no incumbent) **
  Elected Republican 665,215 62.59% former Massachusetts Governor Willard "Mitt" Romney
FEC S8UT00176; 26 Nov 18; Tot $5,529,943; Dsb $5,176,436
  Candidate Democratic 328,541 30.91% Salt Lake County Councilwoman Jenny Wilson
FEC S8UT00143; 26 Nov 18; Tot $960,796; Dsb $942,636
  Candidate Constitution 28,774 2.71% Timothy Noel "Tim" Aalders
FEC S2UT00229; 26 Nov 18; Tot $106,499; Dsb $106,495
  Candidate Libertarian 27,607 2.60% Craig R. Bowden
FEC S8UT00127; 31 Mar 18; Tot $44,654; Dsb $43,055
  Candidate Independent American 12,708 1.20% Reed C. McCandless
FEC S8UT00275
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 29 0.00% Caleb Dan Reeve
FEC S8UT00325
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 17 0.00% Tyrone Jensen
FEC S8UT00309
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 3 0.00% Ryan Daniel Jackson
FEC S8UT00291
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 2 0.00% Hektor Madison Köppre Reiksthegn
FEC S8UT00333
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 1 0.00% Glade G. Fitzgerald
FEC S8UT00283
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 0 0.00% Cody Robert Judy
FEC S4UT00159
  Candidate Write-in; (Unaffiliated) 0 0.00% Abe Korb
FEC S8UT00317
Total 1,062,897 100.00%  

Vermont  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Independent Senator Bernard "Bernie" Sanders
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2006 (ran as a Democrat in the primary and as an Independent in the General Election); re-elected as an Independent: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Independent 183,649 66.01% Senator Bernard "Bernie" Sanders
Did not accept the Democratic or Progressive Party nominations.

FEC S4VT00033; 26 Nov 18; Tot $10,180,900; Dsb $5,198,028
  Candidate Republican 74,815 26.89% Lawrence Zupan
FEC S8VT00141; 31 Dec 18; Tot $168,278; Dsb $170,527
  Candidate Scattering 5,389 1.94% Blank Votes
  Candidate Independent 3,665 1.32% Brad Joseph Peacock
FEC S8VT00158; 26 Nov 18; Tot $9,114; Dsb $9,038
  Candidate Independent 2,763 0.99% Russell Beste
FEC S8VT00182
  Candidate Independent 2,244 0.81% Edward S. Gilbert, Jr.
FEC S8VT00208
  Candidate Independent; (Democratic) 1,979 0.71% Folasade Adeluola
14 August 2018: Lost the Democratic nomination.

FEC S8VT00117
  Candidate Liberty Union 1,171 0.42% Reid Kane
FEC S8VT00174
  Candidate Independent; (Democratic) 1,130 0.41% Jon Svitavsky
FEC S8VT00133
  Candidate Independent 914 0.33% Bruce Busa
FEC S8VT00190
  Candidate Scattering 294 0.11% Total Write-ins
  Candidate Scattering 217 0.08% Overvotes
Total 278,230 100.00%  

Virginia  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Timothy Michael "Tim" Kaine
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated -
former DNC Chair.
Nominations-- Democrats will nominate by Primary. Republicans will nominate by Primary.
  Elected Democratic 1,910,370 57.00% Senator Timothy Michael "Tim" Kaine
FEC S2VA00142; 26 Nov 18; Tot $16,924,476; Dsb $16,937,620
  Candidate Republican 1,374,313 41.01% Prince William Board of County Supervisors Chairman Corey Alan Stewart
FEC S8VA00297; 26 Nov 18; Tot $2,791,257; Dsb $2,757,435
  Candidate Libertarian 61,565 1.84% Matt J. Waters
FEC S8VA00354; 26 Nov 18; Tot $67,591; Dsb $67,225
  Candidate Scattering 5,125 0.15% Write In
  Candidate Write-in; (Republican)     former state Delagate Winsome Sears
Total 3,351,373 100.00%  

Washington  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Maria E. Cantwell
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2000; re-elected: 2006, 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
on General Election ballot
  Elected Democratic 1,803,364 58.43% Senator Maria E. Cantwell
on General Election ballot

FEC S8WA00194; 31 Dec 18; Tot $9,399,421; Dsb $9,635,913
  Candidate Republican 1,282,804 41.57% Susan Hutchison
on General Election ballot

FEC S8WA00319; 31 Dec 18; Tot $1,933,256; Dsb $1,933,256
Total 3,086,168 100.00%  

West Virginia  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Joseph "Joe" Manchin, III
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected in a special election to a partial term to fill the vacancy caused by the 28 June 2010 death of Senator Robert C. Byrd (Democratic): 2 November 2010. He replaces Senator Carte P. Goodwin (Democrat) who had been appointed by Governor Joe Manchin (Democratic) to temporarily fill the vacancy. Won the special election for the term ending in Jaunary 2013 and the the concurrent regular election for the term ending January 2019: 6 November 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 290,510 49.57% Senator Joseph "Joe" Manchin, III
FEC S0WV00090; 26 Nov 18; Tot $8,400,452; Dsb $7,682,192
  Candidate Republican 271,113 46.26% Attorney General Patrick James Morrisey
10 July 2017: Candidate for the U.S. Senate Class 1 Seat in 2018.

FEC S8WV00143; 26 Nov 18; Tot $6,171,331; Dsb $6,082,678
  Candidate Libertarian 24,411 4.17% Rusty Lee Hollen
FEC S8WV00192
  Candidate Write-in     Morgantown City Deputy Mayor and Councilor Mark Brazaitis
  Candidate Write-in     Larry Butcher
  Candidate Write-in     Christopher M. Cross
  Candidate Write-in     Ry Hutcherson
Total 586,034 100.00%  

Wisconsin  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Senator Tammy Baldwin
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
First elected: 2012.
[Previously served in the U.S. House: First elected: 1998; re-elected: 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2010]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Democratic 1,472,914 55.36% Senator Tammy Baldwin
FEC S2WI00219; 26 Nov 18; Tot $27,584,573; Dsb $28,476,501
  Candidate Republican 1,184,885 44.53% state Senator Leah Vukmir
FEC S8WI00224; 31 Dec 18; Tot $5,852,699; Dsb $5,810,340
  Candidate Scattering 2,922 0.11% SCATTERING
  Candidate Write-in; (Independent) 28 0.00% Mary Jo Walters
FEC S8WI00208; 22 Nov 18; Tot $0; Dsb $0
  Candidate Write-in; (Independent) 14 0.00% John T. Schiess
FEC S2WI00193
Total 2,660,763 100.00%  

Wyoming  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1
Seat up for regular election
Republican Senator John A. Barrasso
• Re-elected Tuesday 6 November 2018
Appointed: 22 June 2007 by Governor Dave Freudenthal; first elected in a special election: 4 November 2008; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
Renominated
  Elected Republican 136,210 66.35% Senator John A. Barrasso
FEC S6WY00068; 26 Nov 18; Tot $5,651,626; Dsb $4,387,226
  Candidate Democratic 61,227 29.83% former Teton County School Trustee Gary Trauner
FEC S8WY00189; 07 Dec 18; Tot $910,723; Dsb $910,723
  Candidate Libertarian 5,658 2.76% Joseph "Joe" Porambo
FEC S4WY00154
  Candidate Scattering 1,801 0.88% Under Votes
  Candidate Scattering 325 0.16% Write-Ins
  Candidate Scattering 54 0.03% Over Votes
Total 205,275 100.00%  

Political Parties    Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such.

Major Parties
  Democratic
  Democratic-Farmer Labor
  Democratic-Nonpartisan League
  Republican
Major Third Parties
  Constitution
  Green
  Libertarian
  Minnesota Green Party
  Reform
Other Third Parties
  Conservative
  Economic Growth
  For The People
  Independence
  Independent American
  Legal Marijuana Now
  Liberty Union
  Make It Simple
  Natural Law
  New Day NJ
  Socialist Workers Party
  The Old Republic
  U.S. Taxpayers
  Women's Equality
  Working Families
Independents
  Independent
  No Party Affiliation
  No Political Party
  None
  Nonpartisan
  Other
  Unaffiliated
Write-in/Scattered/otherwise not readily classifiable
  None of these candidates
  Not readily classifiable
  Scattering
  Write-in
 

Notes

Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot.


"FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary.

When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details.

If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements.


Senate Class

Class 1 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2013 and end their terms on 3 January 2019. The next regular election for these seats is in 6 November 2018.
Class 2 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2015 and end their terms on 3 January 2021. The next regular election for these seats is 3 November 2020.
Class 3 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2017 and end their terms on 3 January 2023. The next regular election for these seats is 8 November 2022.

For more information on Senate Classes refer to UNITED STATES SENATE: Electoral "Classes".


Article I, Section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows:

"Immediately after [the Senate of the United States] shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year..."

Pursuant to this Constitutional provision, a three-Senator Committee was appointed by the Senate on 11 May 1789 to come up with a plan to carry out the requirements of that provision; this Committee reported to the Senate on 14 May 1789 a plan to divide the then 20 Senators (there were 10 of the 13 original States represented in the Senate at the time- each having 2 Senators: North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the U.S. Constitution, while New York had so ratified but had failed to elect Senators as of that date) into the requisite three electoral Classes: under this plan, three groups of Senators (set up in such a way so as no State had its two Senators in the same group) were to be listed and the first Senator on each list (a list which was set up geographically north-to-south in the manner in which the Electoral Vote for President was counted before Congress at that time, so that two of the first Senators on these lists were from New Hampshire and the third was the first Senator in alphabetical order from Massachusetts) was to each blindly draw a piece of paper numbered either "1", "2" or "3" out of a box in the possession of the Secretary of the Senate. This plan being agreeable to the Senate and so approved, the drawing of lots in this manner was carried out the following day (15 May 1789)- such lot drawing ultimately determining that, to start with, Classes 1 and 2 were to have 7 Senators each and Class 3 was to have only 6 Senators.

When New York finally seated its two Senators during the ensuing Summer, there was another lot drawing (actually a double-lot drawing) on 28 July 1789 to determine the Classes for these seats: since one of the seats had to be Class 3 to make it equal in number to that of the other two Classes so far, the two New York Senators each blindly drew between two pieces of paper, one marked "3", the other which was blank- after this, there was a second lot drawing in which the New York Senator who had drawn the blank paper blindly drew again between two pieces of paper marked "1" and "2": he drew "1" so that New York would henceforth have Senators of electoral Classes 1 and 3.

When North Carolina seated its two Senators after ratifying the Constitution on 21 November 1789, there was yet another lot drawing (on 29 January 1790) in which North Carolina's two Senators each blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "2" and "3" (since there were now 12 States and, thus, 24 Senators: 24 being equally divisible by 3, there would now have to be 8 Senators in each of the three Classes to fulfill the Constitutional provision that, as nearly as was practicable, one third of the Senate be elected every second year).

After Rhode Island- the last of the 13 original States- finally ratified the Constitution on 29 May 1790 and subsequently seated its two Senators that Summer, there was yet one more lot drawing in the First Congress (on 25 June 1790) in which Rhode Island's two Senators blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "1", "2" and "3": one Senator drew "2", the other drew "1"- thereby determining electoral Classes 1 and 2 as those for the Senators from this State. When Vermont was admitted to the Union as the 14th state on 4 March 1791, there was again a double lot drawing as there had been for New York. From that day until this, whenever a new State has been admitted to the Union, these types of lot drawings (the type determined by the necessity of keeping the number of Senators in each electoral Class as close to one third as possible at the time of said lot drawing) between the new State's first Senators is held before the Senate to determine in just which of the three electoral Classes that State's Senate seats will be placed from then on.


 


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