57TH CONGRESS- IN GENERAL

President WILLIAM McKINLEY was shot by an assassin on 6 September 1901 and died on the following 14 September, at which moment- as per Article II, Section 1, clause 6 of the U.S. Constitution- "the Powers and Duties of [the Presidency] shall devolve on the Vice President", THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Mr. Roosevelt formally took the oath of office as President on 14 September 1901, the same day as Mr. McKinley's passing.

57TH CONGRESS- SENATE

The SENATE of the 57th Congress included 4 Senators from other than the two Major Parties as elected by their respective State Legislatures as well as 2 vacancies:

The 4 others were as follows:

• 2 Independent Republicans-
  • Senator Henry M. Teller of COLORADO (Class 3)
  • Senator Fred T. DuBois of IDAHO (Class 2)
• 1 Populist-
  • Senator Henry Heitfeld of IDAHO (Class 3)
• 1 Independent-
  • Senator James H. Kyle of SOUTH DAKOTA (Class 3)

The 2 Vacancies were both from the State of DELAWARE: the General Assembly of the State having already failed to elect someone to the Class 1 seat (for the term of 4 March 1899 to 3 March 1905) from that State during the preceding Congress; in addition, the General Assembly also failed to elect a Senator to Delaware's Class 2 seat (for the term of 4 March 1901 to 3 March 1907) and both of DELAWARE's seats in the Senate remained vacant at the time the "long" session of the 57th Congress convened on 2 December 1901.

Paris Gibson, a Democrat, was elected on 7 March 1901 by the Legislative Assembly of the State of MONTANA to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator William D. Clark from the Class 1 seat (term ending 3 March 1905) from that State on 15 May 1900, during the preceding Congress, before the convening of the "long" session of the 57th Congress on 2 December 1901. Senator Gibson, therefore, is counted among the 30 Democrats elected to the Senate of the 57th Congress, notwithstanding the existence of a vacancy at the start of that Congress [4 March 1901].

Charles H. Dietrich, a Republican, was elected on 28 March 1901 by the Legislature of the State of NEBRASKA to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Monroe L. Hayward in the Class 1 seat (term ending 3 March 1905) from that State on 5 December 1899, during the preceding Congress, before the convening of the "long" session of the 57th Congress on 2 December 1901. Senator Dietrich, therefore is counted among the 54 Republicans elected to the Senate of the 57th Congress, notwithstanding the fact that William V. Allen, a Populist, had been appointed by the Governor of the State on 13 December 1899, during the preceding Congress, to fill the vacancy and was still serving, on the basis of that appointment, in the Class 1 seat from NEBRASKA at the start of the 57th Congress [4 March 1901]; in the opinion of TheGreenPapers.com, the actual election of a Republican- as opposed to the temporary appointment of a Populist- better reflects the political will of the State of NEBRASKA as to which Party the State Legislature wished to have represent it in this particular seat in the United States Senate of the 57th Congress: Senator Allen is, thus, NOT counted among the 4 others (that is, those outside the two Major Parties) elected to the Senate of the 57th Congress.