The offices of Senate President pro Tempore and House Speaker were both considered non-partisan into the 1st ("long") session of the 4th Congress [1795-1797]; thus, the political affiliations of these officers as noted in this table are not in any way indicative of which faction [Administration or Opposition] held political control of either house of Congress during this early period in the history of the U.S. Congress.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President George Washington via executive Proclamation issued on 1 March 1791; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President John Adams presided over the one-day session.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President George Washington via executive Proclamation issued on 1 March 1793; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President John Adams presided over the one-day session.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President George Washington via executive Proclamation issued on 3 March 1795; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President John Adams presided over the entire session.

Senator Livermore was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Tazewell on 6 May 1796.

With the favorable vote re: the funding for implementing Jay's Treaty in the House of Representatives during the previous ("long") session of the 4th Congress (a bill guided through a House controlled by the Opposition by the breaking of two crucial tie votes by Administration Speaker Dayton [it being a tradition that, except under extraordinary circumstances, the Speaker of a legislative chamber- even where a member of that body- does not speak from the Well of the House nor cast a vote: a tradition that Dayton more honored in the breach]), the office of Speaker of the House became politicized and, henceforth, usually would generally reflect the will of the Party which controlled that body. Likewise, the office of Senate President pro Tempore would follow suit during the "short" session of this Congress as the factions of the previous ("long") session of this Congress had already, by this time, become two Major Parties- the Federalists and the Republicans- as a result of the 1796 Presidential Election. From this session on, therefore, the Party affiliation of those who occupy these two Congressional offices is, much more often than not, reflective of which Party controls the given house of Congress.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President George Washington via executive Proclamation issued on 1 March 1797; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President Thomas Jefferson presided over the one-day session.

This "extra" Session of the 5th Congress was called by President John Adams via executive Proclamation issued on 25 March 1797.

This Special Session of the Senate was called by President John Adams via executive Proclamation issued on 13 July 1798.

Senator Ross was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Laurence on 1 March 1799.

Senator Tracy was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Livermore on 14 May 1800.

Senator Hillhouse was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Howard on 28 February 1801.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President John Adams via executive Proclamation issued on 30 January 1801; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President Aaron Burr presided over the two-day session.

Senator Franklin was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Brown on 10 March 1804.

Senator Milledge was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Bradley on 30 January 1809.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Thomas Jefferson via executive Proclamation issued on 30 December 1808; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President George Clinton presided over the entire session.

Senate President pro Tempore William H. Crawford served as acting President of the Senate during the "long" session of the 12th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States from 20 April 1812 (Vice President George Clinton having died in office).

Senate President pro Tempore William H. Crawford served as acting President of the Senate throughout the "short" session of the 12th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President George Clinton having died during the previous ["long"] session of that Congress).

No Senate President pro Tempore was elected during this "extra" session, as Vice President Elbridge Gerry presided over the Senate during the entire session.

Speaker Henry Clay resigned from the House of Representatives on 19 January 1814; Congressman Cheves was elected Speaker by the House that same day.

Senate President pro Tempore John Gaillard served as acting President of the Senate during the "short" session of the 13th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States from 23 November 1814 (Vice President Elbridge Gerry having died in office).

Senate President pro Tempore John Gaillard served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 14th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Elbridge Gerry having died in office during the preceding Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President James Madison via executive Proclamation issued on 1 January 1817.

Senator Barbour was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Gaillard on 15 February 1819.

Senator Gaillard was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Barbour on 25 January 1820.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President James Monroe via executive Proclamation issued on 19 January 1825.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President John Qunicy Adams via executive Proclamation issued on 12 January 1829.

Senate President pro Tempore Hugh Lawson White served as acting President of the Senate during the "short" session of the 22nd Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President John Calhoun having resigned on 28 December 1832).

Speaker Andrew Stevenson resigned from the House of Representatives on 2 June 1834; Congressman Bell was elected Speaker by the House that same day.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Andrew Jackson via executive Proclamation issued on 20 December 1836.

This "extra" Session of the 25th Congress was called by President Martin Van Buren via executive Proclamation issued on 15 May 1837.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Martin Van Buren via executive Proclamation issued on 6 January 1841.

This "extra" Session of the 27th Congress was called by President William Henry Harrison via executive Proclamation issued on 17 March 1841; by the time this session had convened, President Harrison had died in office and Vice President John Tyler had succeeded to the Presidency.

Senate President pro Tempore Samuel L. Southard served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "extra"session of the 27th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President John Tyler having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President William Henry Harrison on 4 April 1841, before the convening of this session).

Senate President pro Tempore Samuel L. Southard resigned that office on 31 May 1842; Senator Mangum was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate that same day.

Senate Presidents pro Tempore Southard and Mangum each served as acting President of the Senate due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States throughout this "long" session of the 27th Congress (Vice President John Tyler having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in this Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore Willie P. Mangum served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 27th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President John Tyler having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in this Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore Willie P. Mangum served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 28th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President John Tyler having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President John Tyler via executive Proclamation issued on 8 January 1845; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate, as Vice President George M. Dallas presided over the entire session.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President James Knox Polk via executive Proclamation issued on 2 January 1849.

Senate President pro Tempore William R. King became acting President of the Senate during the "long" session of the 31st Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States from 9 July 1850 (Vice President Millard Fillmore having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President Zachary Taylor).

Senate President pro Tempore William R. King served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 31st Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Millard Fillmore having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in this Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Millard Fillmore via executive Proclamation issued on 3 March 1851.

Senate President pro Tempores King and Atchison each served as acting President of the Senate throughout the entirety of the 32nd Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Millard Fillmore having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Millard Fillmore via executive Proclamation issued on 25 February 1853.

Senate President pro Tempore David Rice Atchison served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 33rd Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President William R. King having died in office on 18 April 1853, before the convening of this session).

Senator Bright was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Cass on 5 December 1854.

Senate President pro Tempores Cass and Bright each served as acting President of the Senate due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States throughout this "short" session of the 33rd Congress (Vice President William R. King having died in office earlier in this Congress)

This "extra" Session of the 34th Congress was called by President Franklin Pierce via executive Proclamation issued on 18 August 1856.

Senate President pro Tempore Jesse D. Bright served as acting President of the Senate throughout both the "long" and "extra" sessions of the 34th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President William R. King having died in office during the preceding Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore James M. Mason served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 34th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President William R. King having died in office during the previous Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Franklin Pierce via executive Proclamation issued on 16 February 1857.

Senator Rusk was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Mason on 14 March 1857.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President James Buchanan via executive Proclamation issued on 14 June 1858.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President James Buchanan via executive Proclamation issued on 26 February 1859.

Senator Bright was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Fitzpatrick on 12 June 1860.

William Pennington was not elected Speaker by the House until 1 February 1860, upon the 44th viva voce vote.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President James Buchanan via executive Proclamation issued on 25 June 1860.

Senator Foot was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Fitzpatrick- who had withdrawn from the Senate- on 16 February 1861.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President James Buchanan via executive Proclamation issued on 11 February 1861.

This "extra" Session of the 37th Congress was called by President Abraham Lincoln via executive Proclamation issued on 15 April 1861.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Abraham Lincoln via executive Proclamation issued on 28 February 1863.

Senator Clark was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Foot on 26 April 1864.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Abraham Lincoln via executive Proclamation issued on 17 February 1865.

Senate President pro Tempore Lafayette S. Foster served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 39th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Andrew Johnson having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President Abraham Lincoln on 15 April 1865, before the convening of this session).

Senate President pro Tempore Lafayette S. Foster served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 39th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Andrew Johnson having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in this Congress).

Although it was the usual practice prior to the effectiveness of the 20th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution with the 2nd session of the 73th Congress beginning in January 1934 for a.) "extra" sessions to be called by the President apart from the regular "long" and "short" sessions of Congress and b.) any sessions of either or both houses of Congress to be continuous from convening to adjournment "sine die" (without day [that is, a day for the session to next reconvene]), the 40th Congress was a special case in which the calling to order during its first two sessions was taking place against the background of the struggle between Congress, dominated by the so-called "Radical Republicans", and President Andrew Johnson over control of post-Civil War Reconstruction in the South- a struggle which ultimately culminated in the impeachment, but failure to remove from office, of Johnson in the Spring of 1868.

Thus, per an act of Congress which became law on 22 January 1867, a Congress would henceforth convene in "extra" session immediately upon the adjournment sine die of the preceding Congress; the purpose was to prevent the President (in this case, Andrew Johnson specifically) from dictating when Congress would meet outside of its annual regular "long" and "short" sessions by keeping the power to convene, recess, reconvene and adjourn solely in the hands of Congress itself. Congress, of course, asserted that it was merely exercising its constitutional power- under Article I, Section 4, clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution- to "appoint a different day" from the mandated meeting date of the first Monday in December in each calendar year. Therefore, this 1st "extra" session of the 40th Congress was mandatory upon Congress under the act of 22 January 1867.

In a further attempt to thwart the President, Congress took it upon itself to adjourn and reconvene its legislative sessions subject solely to concurrent resolutions adopted by both houses of Congress (part of a larger, ultimately failed, attempt to establish what historian T. Woodrow Wilson [himself later President of the United States]- in his doctoral thesis- called "Congressional Government", the closest the United States of America ever came to constitutionally establishing a parliamentary democracy in place of the presidential republic at the Federal level); therefore, in both the 1st "Extra" and 2nd "long" sessions of the 40th Congress, Congress recessed and reconvened from time to time without the President having leave to call both houses of Congress together back into session under his own constitutional authority- under Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution- to "on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them". However, after Congress had first adjourned- in modern parlance, recessed- the 1st "extra" session 30 March 1867 to not reconvene until 3 July 1867, President Johnson nevertheless proceeded to call the Senate into Special Session in April of that year in an attempt to assert his own constitutional prerogatives.

With the 3rd "short" session at the end of the 40th Congress, Congress reverted to what hitherto had been the usual practice of meeting in so-called "continuous session" in each calendar year beginning no later than the first Monday in December, as required by the original U.S. Constitution in Article I, Section 4, clause 2 (as noted above) with the additional proviso that an "extra" session was required to convene on the 4 March immediately following the election of a given Congress for as long as the act of 22 January 1867 remained in effect. For purposes of this chart, it has been decided to treat the 1st "Extra" and 2nd "long" sessions as if they, too, were held in continuous session; this will explain the apparent nesting of the Special SENATE session of April 1867 inside the convening and adjournment dates of the 1st "Extra" session of the 40th Congress.

For those using the chart who may, nonetheless, need to know the exact dates this 1st "extra" session of the 40th Congress was in session during under so-called "Congressional Government"- a listing follows:

• 4 March 1867 to 30 March 1867
• 3 July 1867 to 20 July 1867
• 21 November 1867 to 1 December 1867

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Andrew Johnson via executive Proclamation issued on 30 March 1867. As noted above, its primary purpose was to allow the President to assert his own constitutional authority- under Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution- to "on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them" in the face of the attempt of the "Radical Republicans" dominating Congress to assert their claim of so-called "Congressional Government" in part through their convening, recessing, reconvening and adjourning both houses of Congress via concurrent resolution rather than meeting- as had hitherto been the practice of Congress- in so-called "continuous session".

For those using the chart who may need to know the exact dates this 2nd "long" session of the 40th Congress was in session during under so-called "Congressional Government"- a listing follows:

• 2 December 1867 to 27 July 1868
• 21 September 1868 (recessed same day)
• 16 October 1868 (recessed same day)
• 10 November 1868 (adjourned sine die same day)

As noted above, with the 3rd "short" session at the end of the 40th Congress, Congress reverted to what hitherto had been the usual practice of meeting in so-called "continuous session" in each calendar year beginning no later than the first Monday in December, as required by the original U.S. Constitution in Article I, Section 4, clause 2, though with the additional proviso that an "extra" session was required to convene on the 4 March immediately following the election of a given Congress for as long as the act of 22 January 1867 were to remain in effect.

Senate President pro Tempore Benjamin F. Wade served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 40th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Andrew Johnson having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress).

This "extra" Session of the 41st Congress was mandated by the act of 22 January 1867 which required that a given Congress convene on the 4 March next following its election as well as on the constitutionally mandated date of the first Monday in December in each calendar year.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Ulysses S. Grant via executive Proclamation issued on 8 April 1869.

This "extra" Session of the 42nd Congress was mandated by the act of 22 January 1867 which required that a given Congress convene on the 4 March next following its election as well as on the constitutionally mandated date of the first Monday in December in each calendar year.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Ulysses S. Grant via executive Proclamation issued on 20 April 1871.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Ulysses S. Grant via executive Proclamation issued on 21 February 1873.

NOTE: The act of 22 January 1867 mandating that a given Congress first meet in "extra" session on the 4 March next following its election had been repealed during the preceding [42nd] Congress; thus, the authority to call Congress into "extra" session was, thereby, returned to the President who would once again only do so by executive Proclamation and the 1st full session of the 43rd Congress was the regular "long" session which convened on the first Monday in December as mandated by Article I, Section 4, clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution.

Senator Anthony was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate in place of Senator Carpenter on 25 January 1875.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Ulysses S. Grant via executive Proclamation issued on 17 February 1875.

Senate President pro Tempore Thomas W. Ferry served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 44th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Henry Wilson having died in office on 22 November 1875, before the convening of this session).

House Speaker Michael C. Kerr had died on 19 August 1876; Congressman Randall was elected to succeed him upon the convening of this "short" session of the 44th Congress.

Senate President pro Tempore Thomas W. Ferry served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 44th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Henry Wilson having died in office earlier in the Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Ulysses S. Grant via executive Proclamation issued on 2 March 1877.

This "extra" Session of the 45th Congress was called by President Rutherford B. Hayes via executive Proclamation issued on 5 May 1877.

This "extra" Session of the 46th Congress was called by President Rutherford B. Hayes via executive Proclamation issued on 4 March 1879.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Rutherford B. Hayes via executive Proclamation issued on 28 February 1881.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Chester A. Arthur via executive Proclamation issued on 23 September 1881.

Senate President pro Tempore David Davis served as acting President of the Senate throughout this Special session of the SENATE due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Chester A. Arthur having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President James A. Garfield on 19 September 1881, before the convening of this Special SENATE session).

Senate President pro Tempore David Davis served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 47th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Chester A. Arthur having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in the Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore David Davis served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 47th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Chester A. Arthur having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in the Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore George F. Edmunds served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 48th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Chester A. Arthur having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Chester A. Arthur via executive Proclamation issued on 27 February 1885; no President pro Tempore was elected by the Senate as Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks presided over the entire session.

Senate President pro Tempore John Sherman served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 49th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks having died in office on 25 November 1885, before the convening of this session).

Senate President pro Tempore John Sherman resigned that office on 25 February 1887; Senator Ingalls was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate that same day.

Senate Presidents pro Tempore Sherman and Ingalls each served as acting President of the Senate due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States throughout this "short" session of the 27th Congress (Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks having died in office earlier in this Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore John J. Ingalls served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 50th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks having died in office during the preceding Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Grover Cleveland via executive Proclamation issued on 26 February 1889.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Benjamin Harrison via executive Proclamation issued on 25 February 1893.

This "extra" Session of the 53rd Congress was called by President Grover Cleveland via executive Proclamation issued on 30 June 1893.

Senate President pro Tempore Matt W. Ransom resigned that office on 10 January 1895; Senator Harris was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate that same day.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Grover Cleveland via executive Proclamation issued on 24 February 1897.

Senate President pro Tempore William P. Frye served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 56th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Garret A. Hobart having died in office on 21 November 1899, before the convening of this session).

Senate President pro Tempore William P. Frye served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 56th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Garret A. Hobart having died in office earlier in the Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President William McKinley via executive Proclamation issued on 23 February 1901.

Senate President pro Tempore William P. Frye served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "long" session of the 57th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Theodore Roosevelt having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President William McKinley on 14 September 1901, before the convening of this session).

Senate President pro Tempore William P. Frye served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "short" session of the 57th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Theodore Roosevelt having succeeded to the Presidency earlier in the Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Theodore Roosevelt via executive Proclamation issued on 2 March 1903.

This "extra" Session of the 58th Congress was called by President Theodore Roosevelt via executive Proclamation issued on 20 October 1903.

Senate President pro Tempore William P. Frye served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 58th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Theodore Roosevelt having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Theodore Roosevelt via executive Proclamation issued on 23 February 1905.

This "extra" Session of the 62nd Congress was called by President William Howard Taft via executive Proclamation issued on 4 March 1911.

Senators Bacon and Gallinger alternated as Presidents pro Tempore throughout most of this "long" session of the 62nd Congress; others who served briefly as Presidents pro Tempore during this "long" session of that Congress were Frank B. Brandegee (Rep.- Connecticut), Charles Curtis (Rep.- Kansas) and Henry Cabot Lodge (Rep.- Massachusetts).

Senators Bacon and Gallinger alternated as Presidents pro Tempore throughout most of this "short" session of the 62nd Congress; during this session, they each served as acting President of the Senate due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President James S. Sherman having died in office on 30 October 1912, before the convening of this session).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Woodrow Wilson via executive Proclamation issued on 23 February 1917.

This "extra" Session of the 66th Congress was called by President Woodrow Wilson via executive Proclamation issued on 7 May 1919.

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by outgoing President Woodrow Wilson via executive Proclamation issued on 3 February 1921.

This "extra" Session of the 67th Congress was called by President Warren G. Harding via executive Proclamation issued on 22 March 1921.

This "extra" Session of the 67th Congress was called by President Warren G. Harding via executive Proclamation issued on 9 November 1922.

Senate President pro Tempore Albert B. Cummins served as acting President of the Senate during both the "long" and "short" sessions of the 68th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Calvin Coolidge having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President Warren G. Harding on 2 August 1923).

This Special Session of the SENATE was called by President Calvin Coolidge via executive Proclamation issued on 14 February 1925.

On 1 April 1926, the House of Representatives voted to impeach Judge George W. English of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois. In the resolution under which both houses of Congress agreed to adjourn the 1st "long" session of the 69th Congress on 3 July 1926 was a provision requiring the Senate alone to reconvene 10 November 1926 in order to sit as a Court of Impeachment in the trial of Judge English. Judge English, however, resigned from the bench just before his trial before the Senate was to begin and the so-called "Impeachment" session of the Senate (the only time the Senate has ever held a session apart from the "normal" sessions of Congress in order to sit as a Court of Impeachment) met on 10 November solely to adjourn the Court of Impeachment "sine die". On 13 December 1926, during the 2nd "short" session of the 69th Congress, the Senate- on the advice of the House managers of Judge English's impeachment- formally dismissed all the charges pending against the Judge.

The 20th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution- changing the commencement of the terms of the President, Vice President from 4 March to 20 January and the commencement of terms of Members of Congress (both Senators and Congressmen) from 4 March to 3 January as well as the date for convening regular sessions of Congress from the first Monday in December to 3 January- was declared ratified on 6 February 1933, before the 73rd Congress had even taken office the following 4 March and it was, thus, already known- when that Congress began- that the new date of 3 January for convening sessions of Congress and the start of terms of its Members would be the date of convening the 2nd session of the 73rd Congress.

Accordingly, newly inaugurated President Franklin Delano Roosevelt invoked his authority to call Congress into "extra" session (under the pre-20th Amendment schedule, the 1st regular "long" session of the 73rd Congress would not otherwise have begun until 4 December 1933)- this 1st session becoming known as the famous "Hundred Days" of the early New Deal era- but it was, from its beginning, treated as being, in fact, the newly-established "odd" session under the soon-to-be-effective 20th Amendment (hence its being listed herein as both an "extra" session and a regular "odd" session).

The "Hundred Days" 1st session of the 73rd Congress having fulfilled the constitutional requirement in the newly adopted 20th Amendment that "The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year", this 2nd session of that Congress was simply the newly-established "even" session under the 20th Amendment and is, thus, listed in this chart as such.

House Speaker Joseph W. Byrns died on 4 June 1936; Congressman Bankhead was elected to succeed him on the same day.

This "extra" Session of the 75th Congress was called by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt via executive Proclamation issued on 12 October 1937.

This "extra" Session of the 76th Congress was called by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt via executive Proclamation issued on 13 September 1939.

Senate President pro Tempore Key Pittman died on 10 November 1940; Senator King was elected to succeed him on 19 November 1940.

House Speaker William B. Bankhead died on 15 September 1940; Congressman Rayburn was elected to succeed him the following day (16 September).

Senate President pro Tempore Pat Harrison died on 22 June 1941; Senator Glass was elected to succeed him on 10 July 1941.

Senate President pro Tempore Kenneth McKellar served as acting President of the Senate during this "odd" session of the 79th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States from 12 April 1945 (Vice President Harry S Truman having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt).

Senate President pro Tempore Kenneth McKellar served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "even" session of the 79th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Harry S Truman having succeeded to the Presidency during the previous ["odd"] session of that Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore Arthur H. Vandenberg served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 80th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Harry S Truman having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress).

Senate President pro Tempore Arthur H. Vandenberg served as acting President of the Senate during the entirety of the 80th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Harry S Truman having succeeded to the Presidency during the preceding Congress); during this 2d "even" session of the 80th Congress, House Speaker Joseph W. Martin was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

Senate President pro Tempore Kenneth McKellar served as acting President of the Senate during this "odd" session of the 81st Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States until Noon on 20 January 1949 (when Vice President Alben W. Barkley was sworn in for a full four-year term in that office); during this same period, House Speaker Sam Rayburn was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

House Speaker Sam Rayburn had died on 16 November 1961; Congressman McCormack was elected to succeed him upon the convening of this "even" session of the 87th Congress.

Senate President pro Tempore Carl Hayden served as acting President of the Senate during this "odd" session of the 88th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States from 22 November 1963 (Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson having succeeded to the Presidency upon the death of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy); during this same period, House Speaker John W. McCormack was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

Senate President pro Tempore Carl Hayden served as acting President of the Senate throughout this "even" session of the 88th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States (Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson having succeeded to the Presidency during the previous "odd" session); during this same period, House Speaker John W. McCormack was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

Senate President pro Tempore Carl Hayden served as acting President of the Senate during this "odd" session of the 89th Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States until Noon on 20 January 1965 (when Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey was sworn in for a full four-year term in that office); during this same period, House Speaker John W. McCormack was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

Senate President pro Tempore Richard B. Russell died on 21 January 1971, the very day the 1st ("odd") session of the 92nd Congress convened: Senator Ellender was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate the following day (22 January 1972); thus, for all practical purposes, Senator Russell never actually served as President pro Tempore during the 92nd Congress.

Senate President pro Tempore Allen J. Ellender died on 27 July 1972; Senator Eastland was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate the following day (28 July 1972).

Senate President pro Tempore James O. Eastland served as acting President of the Senate during the 1st ("odd") session of the 93rd Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States: from 10 October 1973 (Vice President Spiro T. Agnew having resigned) to 6 December 1973 (Gerald R. Ford having been confirmed by Congress as Vice President as per the provisions of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution); during this same period, House Speaker Carl Albert was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

Senate President pro Tempore James O. Eastland served as acting President of the Senate during the 2nd ("even") session of the 93rd Congress due to a vacancy in the Vice Presidency of the United States: from 9 August 1974 (Vice President Gerald R. Ford having succeeded to the Presidency upon the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon) to 19 December 1974 (Nelson A. Rockefeller having been confirmed by Congress as Vice President as per the provisions of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution); during this same period, House Speaker Carl Albert was next in line to the Presidency under the 1947 Presidential Succession Act.

House Speaker James C. Wright resigned that office on 6 June 1989; Congressman Foley was elected Speaker by the House that same day.

The Senate of the 107th Congress convened with 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans: until noon on 20 January 2001, Vice President Al Gore- a Democrat- remained in office and could theoretically break a party line tie vote; as a result, Senator Robert C. Byrd (Dem.- West Virginia) was elected Senate President pro Tempore on 3 January 2001. By prior arrangement between the Senate leadership of the two Parties: as of noon on 20 January 2001, when Dick Cheney- a Republican- took office as Vice President, after which he could theoretically break a party line tie vote, Senator Strom Thurmond (Rep.- South Carolina) became Senate President pro Tempore.

On 24 May 2001, Senator James Jeffords of Vermont, heretofore a Republican, announced his intention to become an Independent- making the Senate one of 50 Democrats, 49 Republicans and himself as the 1 Independent; this action resulted in Senator Byrd returning to the office of Senate President pro Tempore on 6 June 2001.

Senate President pro Tempore Robert C. Byrd died on 28 June 2010; Senator Inouye was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate the same day.

The U.S. House of Representatives (112th Congress, 1st session) met for about an hour at 11 AM EST (1600 GMT) on 3 January 2012 as a continuation of the 30 December 2011 Legislative Day; at precisely Noon EST (1700 GMT), 3 January 2012, the 2nd session of the 112th Congress began and the House continued its meeting (while, at the same time, gaveling into session a newly convened 2d session) while the U.S. Senate of that same 2nd session first convened.

Senate President pro Tempore Daniel K. Inouye died on 17 December 2012; Senator Leahy was elected President pro Tempore by the Senate and sworn as such the next day.

Speaker of the House John Boehner resigned that office on 29 October 2015; Paul Ryan was elected Speaker in his stead that same day.