The Green Papers: State and Local Government: Local Government Civil Divisions and Incorporated Municipalities in the United States of America

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State	Executive	Legislative	Incorporated Municipalities
Alabama	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: COMMISSION]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. Functioned historically as the jurisdiction of Alabama's justices of the peace (until that office was abolished in 1977); some precincts still elect a constable but this office may be abolished by local option. Where a constable is no longer elected, the precinct is largely dormant]	Incorporated Municipality Town [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 300-1,999, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Aldermen; Commission] City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 2,000 +, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Aldermen; Commission]
Alaska	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION Borough [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: ASSEMBLY]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Council]
American Samoa
Arizona	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. Functions primarily as the jurisdiction of Arizona's justices of the peace]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 1,500 +, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Council; Board of Trustees [special cases only] Town [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 1,500 +, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Council; Board of Trustees [special cases only]
Arkansas	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive: Judge (of County Court), Legislative: QUORUM COURT (= justices of the peace meeting with the county Judge)]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. The Arkansas township has traditionally been the electoral unit for, as well as the jurisdiction of, the Justice of the Peace (although, in practice, the jurisdiction of a given J.P. tends to extend throughout the county)]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 500 +, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Aldermen; Commission; Board of Directors- Administrator OR Manager] Town [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 499 -, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Aldermen]
California	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. Functioned historically as the jurisdiction of California's justices of the peace until the development of the Municipal Court system throughout the mid-20th Century eventually replaced these township Justice Courts with a districted system of Justice Courts which ultimately was to be subsumed into the Municipal Court system as the primary court of limited jurisdiction in California. The original text of the [2nd] California Constitution of 1879- in Article XI, section 4- contained a clause which stated that the Legislature by general laws shall provide for township organization, under which any county may organize whenever a majority of the qualified electors of such county, voting at a general election, shall so determine: however, this provision was repealed by an Amendment to the Constitution of California adopted by majority vote of the State's electors on Tuesday 27 June 1933; thus, for a little over half a century, the State of California allowed a given county to turn its non-governmental (principally judicial) townships into active governmental subdivisions of the county by local option but, since 1933, this option has no longer been available. Nevertheless, many of the more recent subdivisions of the county in California for purposes of both county and State government were often originally delimited with at least some reference to the township boundaries in that county; therefore, the township- though having become dormant- remains the traditional Minor Civil Division in the State of California]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Council] Town [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Council] Town [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 1,999 -, Form(s) of government: Board of Trustees]
Colorado	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. Precincts were, at one time, the unit associated with Justices of the Peace]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): 2,000 +, Form(s) of government: Mayor/Council; Council-Manager]
Connecticut	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. CONNECTICUT abolished County government as of 1 October 1960: until that time, each County was administered by a Board of Commissioners]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWN [Type: Very Strong, Executive: First Selectman & Board of Selectmen, Legislative: TOWN MEETING]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: = MCD, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: chartered by special act of General Assembly] Borough [Separated from MCD: No, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: chartered by special act of General Assembly]
Delaware	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: LEVY COURT]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION hundred [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure. The hundred was once the unit re: Delaware's Justices of the Peace (it was also used for a time as the basis of representation in the General Assembly); although, for the most part, defunct (it still functions relative to locating property re: legal title to land), the hundred remains Delaware's traditional subdivision of the county.]	Incorporated Municipality City [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: chartered by special act of General Assembly] Town [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: chartered by special act of General Assembly] Village [Separated from MCD: ---, Population requirement(s): none, Form(s) of government: chartered by special act of General Assembly] Borough (1999-2001) [Separated from MCD: Yes, Population requirement(s): population, Form(s) of government: forms]
District of Columbia
Florida	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Georgia	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Guam
Hawaii	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive: Mayor, Legislative: COUNCIL]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Idaho	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Illinois	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Supervisors] County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure] township [Type: Broad, Executive: Supervisor, Legislative: TOWN[SHIP] MEETING]
Indiana	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive: Board of Commissioners, Legislative: COUNCIL]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive: Trustee, Legislative: Board]
Iowa	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: Board of Trustees]
Kansas	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive: Trustee, Legislative: Board]
Kentucky	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive: Judge(=Executive), Legislative: FISCAL COURT]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Louisiana	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION Parish [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: POLICE JURY]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION ward [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Maine	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Weak, Executive and Legislative: Court of Commissioners]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWN [Type: Very Strong, Executive: Board of Selectmen, Legislative: TOWN MEETING]
Maryland	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Massachusetts	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Weak, Executive and Legislative: Board of Commissioners. Chapter 34B of the General Laws of Massachusetts- enacted in 1996- provides for the optional abolition of County Government, with the further option of replacing most of the former functions of such abolished government with a Regional Council of Governments made up of representatives of the Minor Civil Divisions (Cities and Towns) within or contiguous to a given abolished County. As in CONNECTICUT and RHODE ISLAND, abolished Counties continue to function as the basis of subdivisions of the Commonwealth for judicial purposes.]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWN [Type: Very Strong, Executive: Board of Selectmen, Legislative: TOWN MEETING]
Michigan	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive: Supervisor, Legislative: Board of Trustees]
Minnesota	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive: Board of Supervisors, Legislative: Town(ship) Meeting]
Mississippi	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION beat [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Missouri	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: COMMISSION]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive: Trustee, Legislative: Board of Directors]
Montana	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Nebraska	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS] County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure] township [Type: Limited, Executive: Chairman, Legislative: Board]
Nevada	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
New Hampshire	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Weak, Executive and Legislative: Board of Commissioners]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWN [Type: Very Strong, Executive: Board of Selectmen, Legislative: TOWN MEETING]
New Jersey	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Shared, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. (Board of Chosen Freeholders until 1 January 2021)]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWNSHIP [Type: Shared, Executive: Mayor, Legislative: COMMITTEE]
New Mexico	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
New York	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Supervisors]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION Town[ship] [Type: Broad, Executive: SUPERVISOR, Legislative: Board]
North Carolina	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
North Dakota	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Supervisors]
Northern Marianas
Ohio	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Trustees]
Oklahoma	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Oregon	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive: Judge, Legislative: COUNTY COURT]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Pennsylvania	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Supervisors]
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Vestigial, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWN [Type: Very Strong, Executive: Council, Legislative: TOWN MEETING]
South Carolina	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: COUNCIL]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
South Dakota	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Broad, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION township [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Supervisors]
Tennessee	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive: Executive, Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Texas	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive: Judge, Legislative: COMMISSIONERS' COURT]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Utah	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Vermont	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Weak, Executive and Legislative: Assistant ["Side"] Judges [of Superior Court]]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION TOWN [Type: Very Strong, Executive: Board of Selectmen (more generally known as a 'Selectboard'), Legislative: TOWN MEETING]
Virgin Islands
Virginia	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Washington	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION precinct [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
West Virginia	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
Wisconsin	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION county [Type: Limited, Executive and Legislative: Board of Supervisors]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION Town[ship] [Type: Broad, Executive: Board of Supervisors, Legislative: TOWN MEETING]
Wyoming	PRIMARY CIVIL DIVISION County [Type: Strong, Executive and Legislative: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS]	MINOR CIVIL DIVISION district [Type: None, Executive and Legislative: no associated governmental structure]
State	Executive	Legislative	Incorporated Municipalities

State and Local Government Outline

Modified .