The Green Papers: 2019 General Election |
116th Congress Senate Seats by State |
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Alabama 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Stanley E. Adair FEC S0AL00248; 30 Sep 19; Tot $287,813; Dsb $284,367 |
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Republican | Congressman Bradley Roberts Byrne 20 February 2019: Announced he is running for the Class 2 Senate Seat in 2020. FEC S0AL00206; 30 Sep 19; Tot $3,128,985; Dsb $599,965 |
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FEC S0AL00198 |
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Does not appear on any list recently provided by recognized election authorities. FEC S0AL00214 |
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Republican | Secretary of State John Harold Merrill FEC S0AL00289; 30 Sep 19; Tot $845,582; Dsb $107,152 |
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Republican | state Representative Arnold Mooney FEC S0AL00263; 30 Sep 19; Tot $541,052; Dsb $155,007 |
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Republican | former Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court Roy Stewart Moore FEC S0AL00297; 30 Sep 19; Tot $80,118; Dsb $45,928 |
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Republican | Ruth Page Nelson FEC S0AL00321 |
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2 September 2019: Filed a termination report with the FEC. FEC S0AL00305; 02 Sep 19; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Does not appear on any list recently provided by recognized election authorities. FEC S0AL00271; 10 Nov 19; Tot $450; Dsb $0 |
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Republican | former Senator and forner U.S. Attorney General Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions, III First elected to the United States Senate: 1996: reelected: 2002, 2008, 2014. Resigned 8 February 2017 to accept the position of U.S. Attorney General in the Cabinet of President Donald Trump: 2017-2018. FEC S6AL00195; 30 Sep 19; Tot $39,307; Dsb $53,964 |
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Republican | Thomas H. "Tommy" Tuberville FEC S0AL00230; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,794,499; Dsb $338,983 |
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20 November 2018: Formed an exploratory committee for the U.S. Senate Class 2 seat. Does not appear on any list recently provided by recognized election authorities. |
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Alaska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Dan Sullivan FEC S4AK00214; 30 Sep 19; Tot $2,837,564; Dsb $614,307 |
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Arizona 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Senator Martha E. McSally FEC S8AZ00221; 30 Sep 19; Tot $8,548,474; Dsb $3,796,551 |
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Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Craig R. Brittain FEC S8AZ00189; 30 Jun 19; Tot $3,076; Dsb $0 |
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Republican | Josue Larose FEC S0AZ00343; 30 Sep 19; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Republican | Daniel McCarthy FEC S0AZ00376; 30 Sep 19; Tot $122,613; Dsb $50,635 |
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Arkansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Thomas B. "Tom" Cotton FEC S4AR00103; 30 Sep 19; Tot $3,083,307; Dsb $965,499 |
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California 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | |||||
22 July 2019: Withdrew from the U.S. Senate contest. Now running for U.S. House CD 33. FEC S8CA00515 |
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Republican | Erin Cruz FEC S8CA00440 |
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Republican | Paul Anthony Gutierrez FEC S2CA00849 |
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Colorado 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Republican, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Cory Scott Gardner FEC S4CO00395; 30 Sep 19; Tot $6,463,428; Dsb $1,468,279 |
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Connecticut 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | |||||
Republican | John J. Flynn FEC S2CT00264 |
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Republican | Robert Finley Hyde FEC S2CT00256 |
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Florida 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Richard L. "Rick" Scott FEC S8FL00273 |
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Georgia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Derrick Grayson | ||||
Republican | James Jackson FEC S0GA00427 |
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Republican | Michael Tommy Jowers FEC S0GA00450 |
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Republican | Senator David Alfred Perdue FEC S4GA11285; 30 Sep 19; Tot $5,599,695; Dsb $996,126 |
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Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Arthur Wayne "Wayne" Johnson FEC S0GA00492 |
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Idaho 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator James E. "Jim" Risch FEC S8ID00092; 30 Sep 19; Tot $922,177; Dsb $210,876 |
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Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Senator Michael D. "Mike" Crapo FEC S8ID00027 |
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Illinois 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Casey Chlebek FEC S0IL00550 |
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Republican | former Lake County Sheriff Mark Curran FEC S0IL00543; 30 Sep 19; Tot $29,950; Dsb $6,540 |
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Republican | Peggy Hubbard FEC S0IL00501; 30 Sep 19; Tot $99,494; Dsb $78,097 |
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Republican | William Kelly | ||||
Republican | Robert Allen Marshall FEC S6IL00185; 30 Sep 19; Tot $50,530; Dsb $18,055 |
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Republican | Preston Gabriel Nelson ? FEC S0IL00584 |
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Republican | Dean A. Seppelfrick ? FEC S0IL00519 |
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Republican | Thomas "Tom" Tarter FEC S0IL00527; 30 Sep 19; Tot $83,748; Dsb $9,355 |
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Republican | Constant G. "Connor" VlaKancic FEC S0IL00592 |
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Indiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Mike Braun FEC S8IN00171 |
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Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Senator Todd Christopher Young FEC S6IN00191 |
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Iowa 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Joni K. Ernst FEC S4IA00129; 30 Sep 19; Tot $3,771,867; Dsb $1,191,287 |
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Republican | Paul Rieck FEC S0IA00143 |
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Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Senator Charles E. "Chuck" Grassley FEC S0IA00028 |
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Kansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | former Secretary of State Kris W. Kobach FEC S0KS00257; 30 Sep 19; Tot $250,039; Dsb $51,717 |
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Republican | David Alan "Dave" Lindstrom FEC S0KS00240; 30 Sep 19; Tot $375,863; Dsb $134,919 |
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Republican | Congressman Roger W. "Doc" Marshall CD 1. FEC S0KS00315; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,496,143; Dsb $214,194 |
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Republican | Brian Matlock | ||||
Republican | Bryan Pruitt FEC S0KS00281; 30 Sep 19; Tot $6,490; Dsb $4,425 |
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Republican | Senator Pat Roberts FEC S6KS00080; 30 Sep 19; Tot $11,447; Dsb $90,194 |
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Republican | state Board of Education Member Steve Roberts | ||||
Republican | Gabriel Mark Robles | ||||
Republican | state Senator Susan Wagle FEC S0KS00299; 30 Sep 19; Tot $522,887; Dsb $28,339 |
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Kentucky 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
FEC S0KY00263 |
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Republican | Paul John Frangedakis FEC S0KY00347 |
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Republican | Louis Cleveland Grider, Jr. | ||||
Republican | Senator Mitch McConnell 4 August 2018: Announced that he will run for re-election in 2020. FEC S2KY00012; 30 Sep 19; Tot $7,522,917; Dsb $2,110,474 |
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Republican | former state Representative Clinton Wesley "Wes" Morgan FEC S0KY00297; 30 Sep 19; Tot $21,744; Dsb $20,143 |
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Louisiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator William M. "Bill" Cassidy FEC S4LA00107; 30 Sep 19; Tot $2,810,891; Dsb $852,466 |
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Maine 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Susan M. Collins FEC S6ME00159; 30 Sep 19; Tot $5,671,035; Dsb $1,176,787 |
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10 September 2019: Withdrew. "... one of the hardest decisions I've ever made ..." FEC S0ME00095; 30 Sep 19; Tot $8,613; Dsb $11,648 |
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30 June 2018: Filed termination report. FEC S8ME00163 |
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Massachusetts 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Shiva Ayyadurai FEC S8MA00268; 30 Sep 19; Tot $35,395; Dsb $32,657 |
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Republican | Allen Waters FEC S0MA00216 |
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Republican | Tiffany Williams | ||||
Michigan 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Bob Carr FEC S4MI00298; 15 Jul 19; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Republican | John E. James FEC S8MI00372; 30 Sep 19; Tot $4,707,031; Dsb $1,362,810 |
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Republican | Valerie Willis | ||||
Minnesota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Robert Paul "Rob" Barrett, Jr. FEC S0MN00294; 30 Sep 19; Tot $16,459; Dsb $15,131 |
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Republican | Forest W. Hyatt FEC S0MN00286 |
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Republican | former Congressman Jason Mark Lewis Unsuccessful candidate for election Congress: 1990; first elected 2016; unsuccessful candidate for reelection: 2018. FEC S0MN00328; 30 Sep 19; Tot $413,144; Dsb $52,615 |
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Republican | Theron Preston Washington FEC S0MN00310; 31 Jan 20; Tot $0; Dsb $0 |
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Mississippi 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Roger F. Wicker FEC S8MS00196 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith FEC S8MS00261; 30 Sep 19; Tot $983,297; Dsb $453,878 |
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Republican | Josh Randle | ||||
Missouri 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Joshua David "Josh" Hawley FEC S8MO00160 |
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Montana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Steven "Steve" Daines FEC S2MT00096; 30 Sep 19; Tot $3,850,670; Dsb $1,113,806 |
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Nebraska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Matt Innis FEC S0NE00080; 30 Sep 19; Tot $12,190; Dsb $6,152 |
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Republican | Senator Benjamin E. "Ben" Sasse FEC S4NE00090; 30 Sep 19; Tot $2,110,766; Dsb $748,176 |
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New Hampshire 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Donald C. "Don" Bolduc FEC S0NH00326; 30 Sep 19; Tot $239,902; Dsb $95,761 |
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Republican | Bryant S. "Corky" Messner FEC S0NH00334; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,229,848; Dsb $29,941 |
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Republican | former state Representative William Lawrence "Bill" O'Brien FEC S0NH00318; 30 Sep 19; Tot $81,324; Dsb $33,713 |
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New Jersey 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Patricia "Tricia" Flanagan FEC S8NJ00541 |
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Republican | Rikin "Rik" Mehta FEC S0NJ00217 |
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Republican | Stuart Meissner | ||||
Republican | Natalie Lynn Rivera FEC S8NJ00533 |
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Republican | Hirsh V. Singh FEC S0NJ00191; 30 Sep 19; Tot $176,732; Dsb $145,994 |
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New Mexico 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Gavin Clarkson FEC S0NM00066; 30 Sep 19; Tot $324,913; Dsb $146,385 |
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Republican | Mick Rich FEC S8NM00200; 30 Sep 19; Tot $193,877; Dsb $42,938 |
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North Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Sandy Smith Also running for U.S. House CD 3 FEC S0NC00293; 30 Sep 19; Tot $265,002; Dsb $198,531 |
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Republican | Senator Thomas Roland "Thom" Tillis FEC S4NC00162; 30 Sep 19; Tot $4,279,152; Dsb $1,383,302 |
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Republican | Garland S. Tucker, III FEC S0NC00319; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,730,345; Dsb $1,623,134 |
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North Dakota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Kevin Cramer FEC S8ND00120 |
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Ohio 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Senator Robert Jones "Rob" Portman FEC S0OH00133 |
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Republican | Mark Pukita FEC S2OH00287 |
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Oklahoma 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe FEC S4OK00083; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,625,358; Dsb $241,847 |
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Republican | JJ Stitt FEC S0OK00347; 30 Sep 19; Tot $7,352; Dsb $4,877 |
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Republican | Tammy Swearengin | ||||
Oregon 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Larry Wallace Reese FEC S0OR00311 |
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Republican | Paul Joseph Romero, Jr. FEC S0OR00337 |
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South Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | former Walterboro City Councilman Dwayne T. "Duke" Buckner FEC S0SC00321 |
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Republican | Senator Lindsey Olin Graham FEC S0SC00149; 30 Sep 19; Tot $8,356,233; Dsb $3,160,923 |
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Republican | Peggy Kandies FEC S0SC00248 |
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Republican | Michael James "Mike" LaPierre FEC S0SC00313; 30 Sep 19; Tot $23,883; Dsb $21,278 |
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Republican | Joseph "Joe" Reynolds FEC S0SC00297; 30 Sep 19; Tot $57,908; Dsb $38,788 |
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11 February 2019: Filed a termination report with the FEC. FEC S0SC00230 |
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Republican | Eddie White | ||||
Republican | Carey L. Wilson FEC S0SC00271 |
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South Dakota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | state Representative Scyller J. Borglum FEC S0SD00088; 30 Sep 19; Tot $22,255; Dsb $12,501 |
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Republican | Senator Marion Michael "Mike" Rounds FEC S4SD00049; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,656,717; Dsb $546,531 |
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Tennessee 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Marsha Blackburn FEC S8TN00337 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Danny Clyde "Clyde" Benson, II | ||||
Republican | Byron Bush FEC S0TN00201 |
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Republican | Larry R. Crim FEC S2TN00223 |
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Republican | former Shelby County Commissioner George S. Flinn, Jr. FEC S0TN00185 |
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Republican | Joshua Dominique Gregory "Josh" Gapp FEC S0TN00151; 30 Sep 19; Tot $136,972; Dsb $18,002 |
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Republican | former Ambassador to Japan Bill Hagerty FEC S0TN00169; 30 Sep 19; Tot $1,905,343; Dsb $24,437 |
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Republican | Glen Leon Neal, Jr. FEC S0TN00177 |
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Republican | Garrett Lance "Lance" Nichols FEC S0TN00128 |
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Republican | Geoffrey Stokes "Stokes" Nielson FEC S0TN00136 |
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Republican | Aaron Leo Pettigrew FEC S8TN00394 |
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Republican | Manny Sethi FEC S0TN00144; 30 Sep 19; Tot $2,408,007; Dsb $359,141 |
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Texas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz FEC S2TX00312 |
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Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator John Cornyn FEC S2TX00106; 30 Sep 19; Tot $7,717,756; Dsb $2,722,434 |
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10 October 2019: "... I wanted to share that I will NOT be a candidate for US Senate in 2020...." |
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Republican | Dwayne Stovall FEC S4TX00433; 30 Sep 19; Tot $26,844; Dsb $17,209 |
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Republican | Mark Spencer Yancey FEC S0TX00282; 30 Sep 19; Tot $20,250; Dsb $20,000 |
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Utah 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 1 | |||||
Republican | Senator Willard "Mitt" Romney FEC S8UT00176 |
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Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Gary Gene Adkins FEC S0VA00096; 30 Sep 19; Tot $5,265; Dsb $1,741 |
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Republican | Alissa Baldwin FEC S0VA00070; 30 Sep 19; Tot $2,544; Dsb $834 |
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Republican | John Easley, Jr. FEC S0VA00161 |
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Republican | Omari Faulkner FEC S0VA00179 |
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Republican | Roger K. Franklin, Jr. FEC S0VA00138 |
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Republican | Daniel MacArthur Gade FEC S0VA00146; 30 Sep 19; Tot $140,908; Dsb $40,811 |
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Republican | Mary Knapp FEC S0VA00153 |
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Republican | Thomas A. "Tom" Speciale, II FEC S0VA00088; 30 Sep 19; Tot $16,450; Dsb $12,029 |
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Republican | former U.S. Representative Scott William Taylor First elected 2016; unsuccessful candidate for re-election: 2018. FEC S0VA00104; 30 Sep 19; Tot $312,240; Dsb $145,083 |
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Republican | Victor Keith Williams FEC S0VA00120; 30 Sep 19; Tot $406,399; Dsb $5,939 |
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West Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Senator Shelley Moore Capito FEC S4WV00159; 30 Sep 19; Tot $2,157,797; Dsb $467,054 |
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Republican | Mark Hatfield | ||||
Republican | Larry Allen "Allen" Whitt, II FEC S0WV00231 |
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Wisconsin 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | |||||
Republican | Senator Ronald Harold "Ron" Johnson FEC S0WI00197 |
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Wyoming 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Republican | Patrick John Dotson FEC S0WY00145 |
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4 May 2019: Announced retirement. Not running for re-election. FEC S6WY00126; 30 Sep 19; Tot $138,542; Dsb $212,198 |
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Republican | former Congressman Cynthia Marie Lummis First elected to the US House: 2008; re-elected 2010, 2012, 2014; did not run in 2016. FEC S0WY00137; 30 Sep 19; Tot $305,486; Dsb $142,148 |
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Republican | Joshua B. "Josh" Wheeler FEC S0WY00103; 30 Sep 19; Tot $3,795; Dsb $1,665 |
Political Parties Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such. |
Major Parties | |
Democratic | |
Democratic-Farmer Labor | |
Republican | |
Major Third Parties | |
Constitution | |
Green | |
Green Independent | |
Green-Rainbow | |
Libertarian | |
Pacific Green | |
Other Third Parties | |
Independent American | |
Independent Party Of Delaware | |
Socialist Party USA | |
United Party | |
Unity | |
Independents | |
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Independent | |
No Party Affiliation | |
Non Affiliated | |
None | |
Other | |
Unaffiliated | |
Write-in/Scattered/otherwise not readily classifiable | |
Not readily classifiable | |
Write-in |
Notes |
Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot. "FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary. When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details. If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements. Senate ClassClass 1 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2019 and end their terms on 3 January 2025. The next regular election for these seats is in 5 November 2024. For more information on Senate Classes refer to UNITED STATES SENATE: Electoral "Classes". Article I, Section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows: "Immediately after [the Senate of the United States] shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year..." Pursuant to this Constitutional provision, a three-Senator Committee was appointed by the Senate on 11 May 1789 to come up with a plan to carry out the requirements of that provision; this Committee reported to the Senate on 14 May 1789 a plan to divide the then 20 Senators (there were 10 of the 13 original States represented in the Senate at the time- each having 2 Senators: North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the U.S. Constitution, while New York had so ratified but had failed to elect Senators as of that date) into the requisite three electoral Classes: under this plan, three groups of Senators (set up in such a way so as no State had its two Senators in the same group) were to be listed and the first Senator on each list (a list which was set up geographically north-to-south in the manner in which the Electoral Vote for President was counted before Congress at that time, so that two of the first Senators on these lists were from New Hampshire and the third was the first Senator in alphabetical order from Massachusetts) was to each blindly draw a piece of paper numbered either "1", "2" or "3" out of a box in the possession of the Secretary of the Senate. This plan being agreeable to the Senate and so approved, the drawing of lots in this manner was carried out the following day (15 May 1789)- such lot drawing ultimately determining that, to start with, Classes 1 and 2 were to have 7 Senators each and Class 3 was to have only 6 Senators. When New York finally seated its two Senators during the ensuing Summer, there was another lot drawing (actually a double-lot drawing) on 28 July 1789 to determine the Classes for these seats: since one of the seats had to be Class 3 to make it equal in number to that of the other two Classes so far, the two New York Senators each blindly drew between two pieces of paper, one marked "3", the other which was blank- after this, there was a second lot drawing in which the New York Senator who had drawn the blank paper blindly drew again between two pieces of paper marked "1" and "2": he drew "1" so that New York would henceforth have Senators of electoral Classes 1 and 3. When North Carolina seated its two Senators after ratifying the Constitution on 21 November 1789, there was yet another lot drawing (on 29 January 1790) in which North Carolina's two Senators each blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "2" and "3" (since there were now 12 States and, thus, 24 Senators: 24 being equally divisible by 3, there would now have to be 8 Senators in each of the three Classes to fulfill the Constitutional provision that, as nearly as was practicable, one third of the Senate be elected every second year). After Rhode Island- the last of the 13 original States- finally ratified the Constitution on 29 May 1790 and subsequently seated its two Senators that Summer, there was yet one more lot drawing in the First Congress (on 25 June 1790) in which Rhode Island's two Senators blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "1", "2" and "3": one Senator drew "2", the other drew "1"- thereby determining electoral Classes 1 and 2 as those for the Senators from this State. When Vermont was admitted to the Union as the 14th state on 4 March 1791, there was again a double lot drawing as there had been for New York. From that day until this, whenever a new State has been admitted to the Union, these types of lot drawings (the type determined by the necessity of keeping the number of Senators in each electoral Class as close to one third as possible at the time of said lot drawing) between the new State's first Senators is held before the Senate to determine in just which of the three electoral Classes that State's Senate seats will be placed from then on. |
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