The Green Papers: Ohio 2014 General Election
 
This page is for offices up for election in 2014. Find 2015 elections here.
 
Flag images courtesy of The World Flag Database. Copyright http://www.flags.net/ Ohio
Elections for Statewide offices and Congress
✓ Primary: Tuesday 6 May 2014
✓ General Election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Wednesday 5 February 2014 - Filing Deadline - Primary.
Monday 5 May 2014 - Filing Deadline - Independent.
Tuesday 6 May 2014 - Primary. Polling hours 6:30a EDT (1030 UTC) to 7:30p EDT (2330 UTC).
Tuesday 4 November 2014 - General Election. Polling hours 6:30a EST (1130 UTC) to 7:30p EST (0030 UTC).
 
Senators:2(Electoral Classes 1 and 3)
Governor:1 
2010 Census:11,568,495 (3.73% of 309,785,186)
2012, 2016, 2020 Electoral Votes:18(3.35% of 538)
2012-2020 Representatives:16(3.68% of 435)
Capital:Columbus
 

  Alabama    Alaska    American Samoa    Arizona    Arkansas    California    Colorado    Connecticut    Delaware    District of Columbia    Florida    Georgia    Guam    Hawaii    Idaho    Illinois    Indiana    Iowa    Kansas    Kentucky    Louisiana    Maine    Maryland    Massachusetts    Michigan    Minnesota    Mississippi    Missouri    Montana    Nebraska    Nevada    New Hampshire    New Jersey    New Mexico    New York    North Carolina    North Dakota    Northern Marianas    Ohio    Oklahoma    Oregon    Pennsylvania    Puerto Rico    Rhode Island    South Carolina    South Dakota    Tennessee    Texas    Utah    Vermont    Virgin Islands    Virginia    Washington    West Virginia    Wisconsin    Wyoming 

Ohio State and Local Government

Ohio 2016 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions:
Democrats   Republicans


2014 certified election returns from the Ohio Secretary of State.

 
           

U.S. Senate  6 year term. No Term Limit. 113th Senate  Senate Electoral Classes

Class 1 Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown
First elected: 2006; re-elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 6 November 2018
 Candidate list
  Candidate Democratic     Senator Sherrod Brown
FEC S6OH00163

Class 3 Republican Senator Robert Jones "Rob" Portman
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 8 November 2016
 Candidate list
  Candidate Democratic     former state Senator Robert F. "Bob" Hagan
FEC S6OH00213
  Candidate Republican     Michael Bickelmeyer
FEC S6OH00221
  Candidate Republican     Senator Robert Jones "Rob" Portman
FEC S0OH00133
  Candidate Republican     Melissa Rose Strzala
FEC S6OH00239

Governor  4 year term, Election Cycle: 2010, 2014. Term Limit: 2 consecutive 4-year terms, All Governors

Chair up for regular election Republican Governor John Richard Kasich
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Chair up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
The current Governor is unaffected by the State's term limit.
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list
  Elected Republican 1,944,848 63.64% Governor John Richard Kasich
for Lieutenant Governor: Lieutenant Governor Mary Taylor
  Candidate Democratic 1,009,359 33.03% Cuyahoga County Executive Edward "Ed" FitzGerald
for Lieutenant Governor: Sharen Swartz Neuhardt
  Candidate Green 101,706 3.33% Anita Rios
for Lieutenant Governor: Bob Fitrakis.
Ran as a write-in in the 6 May 2014 Primary and received 628 votes. Qualified for the General Election ballot having received more than the required 500 votes.
Total 3,055,913 100.00%  
 

The Governor's office is canvassed by the state Legislature rather than the Secretary of State. Hence, we do not have the under and over votes for this office.


Lieutenant Governor  4 year term, Election Cycle: 2010, 2014. Term Limit: 2 consecutive 4-year terms. Elected on a ticket with the Governor. No separate primaries for Gov and Lt Gov.

Seat up for regular election Republican Lieutenant Governor Mary Taylor
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
The current Lieutenant Governor is unaffected by the State's term limit.

113th U.S. House of Representatives  2-year term. Election Cycle 2014, 2016. No Term Limit. 113th House
Partisan Composition (primary disposition):
12 Republican (12 Renominated);
4 Democratic (4 Renominated)

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 1
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Steven J. "Steve" Chabot
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 124,779 63.22% Congressman Steven J. "Steve" Chabot
FEC H8OH01043; 24 Nov 14; Tot $923,621; Dsb $630,020
  Candidate Democratic 72,604 36.78% Frederick Louis "Fred" Kundrata, III
FEC H2OH02093; 24 Nov 14; Tot $305,694; Dsb $304,911
Total 197,383 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 2
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Brad R. Wenstrup
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 132,658 65.96% Congressman Brad R. Wenstrup
FEC H2OH02085; 24 Nov 14; Tot $1,076,842; Dsb $836,663
  Candidate Democratic 68,453 34.04% Marek Tyszkiewicz
FEC H4OH02156; 24 Nov 14; Tot $299,376; Dsb $299,061
Total 201,111 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 3
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Congressman Joyce B. Beatty
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Democratic 91,769 64.06% Congressman Joyce B. Beatty
FEC H2OH03125; 24 Nov 14; Tot $887,892; Dsb $595,267
  Candidate Republican 51,475 35.93% former Portsmouth Councilman John Adams
FEC H0OH15099; 30 Jun 14; Tot $3,250; Dsb $3,059
  Candidate Write-in 17 0.01% Ralph A. Applegate
FEC H2OH07142
Total 143,261 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 4
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman James D. "Jim" Jordan
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2006
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 125,907 67.67% Congressman James D. "Jim" Jordan
FEC H6OH04082; 24 Nov 14; Tot $937,820; Dsb $1,004,218
  Candidate Democratic 60,165 32.33% Janet Patricia Garrett
Ran as a write-in in the 6 May 2014 Primary. Received 1,482 votes (50 needed) to appear on the November ballot.

FEC H4OH04046; 24 Nov 14; Tot $44,737; Dsb $44,099
Total 186,072 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 5
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Robert Edward "Bob" Latta
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected in a special election (re: death of Congressman Paul E. Gillmor): 11 December 2007
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 134,449 66.46% Congressman Robert Edward "Bob" Latta
FEC H8OH05036; 24 Nov 14; Tot $1,211,305; Dsb $719,006
  Candidate Democratic 58,507 28.92% Robert L. "Bob" Fry
FEC H4OH05043; 12 Dec 14; Tot $59,444; Dsb $59,444
  Candidate Libertarian 9,344 4.62% Eric Eberly
FEC H2OH05039
Total 202,300 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 6
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Bill Johnson
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 111,026 58.23% Congressman Bill Johnson
FEC H0OH06189; 24 Nov 14; Tot $2,229,371; Dsb $1,738,869
  Candidate Democratic 73,561 38.58% former state Representative Jennifer D. Garrison
FEC H4OH06074; 24 Nov 14; Tot $949,151; Dsb $941,685
  Candidate Green 6,065 3.18% Dennis G. Lambert
FEC H4OH06090
Total 190,652 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 7
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Robert Brian "Bob" Gibbs
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 ** Uncontested Race **
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 143,959 100.00% Congressman Robert Brian "Bob" Gibbs
FEC H0OH18077; 24 Nov 14; Tot $1,128,355; Dsb $484,507
Total 143,959 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 8
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman John A. Boehner
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 126,539 67.19% Congressman John A. Boehner
FEC H0OH08029; 24 Nov 14; Tot $18,141,536; Dsb $18,002,804
  Candidate Democratic 51,534 27.36% Thomas S. "Tom" Poetter
FEC H4OH08070; 31 Dec 14; Tot $193,360; Dsb $192,079
  Candidate Constitution 10,257 5.45% James J. "Jim" Condit, Jr.
FEC H0OH08128
Total 188,330 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 9
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Congressman Marcia Carolyn "Marcy" Kaptur
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 1982
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Democratic 108,870 67.74% Congressman Marcia Carolyn "Marcy" Kaptur
FEC H2OH09031; 24 Nov 14; Tot $891,803; Dsb $642,676
  Candidate Republican 51,704 32.17% Richard Andrew May
FEC H4OH09102
  Candidate Write-in 112 0.07% Cory Hoffman
FEC H4OH09086
  Candidate Write-in 29 0.02% George A. Skalsky
FEC H4OH09128
Total 160,715 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 10
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Michael R. "Mike" Turner
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2002
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 130,752 65.18% Congressman Michael R. "Mike" Turner
FEC H2OH03067; 24 Nov 14; Tot $1,070,402; Dsb $857,595
  Candidate Democratic 63,249 31.53% Robert P. Klepinger
FEC H4OH10167
  Candidate Libertarian 6,605 3.29% David A. Harlow
FEC H0OH08136
Total 200,606 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 11
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Congressman Marcia L. Fudge
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2008
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Democratic 137,105 79.45% Congressman Marcia L. Fudge
FEC H8OH11141; 24 Nov 14; Tot $954,420; Dsb $476,378
  Candidate Republican 35,461 20.55% Mark Zetzer
FEC H4OH11066
Total 172,566 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 12
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Patrick J. "Pat" Tiberi
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2000
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 150,573 68.11% Congressman Patrick J. "Pat" Tiberi
FEC H0OH12062; 24 Nov 14; Tot $3,284,889; Dsb $2,302,821
  Candidate Democratic 61,360 27.75% David Arthur Tibbs
FEC H4OH12072
  Candidate Green 9,148 4.14% Robert M. "Bob" Hart
FEC H4OH12064; 31 Dec 14; Tot $6,102; Dsb $4,741
Total 221,081 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 13
Seat up for regular election
Democratic Congressman Timothy J. "Tim" Ryan
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2002
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Democratic 120,230 68.49% Congressman Timothy J. "Tim" Ryan
FEC H2OH17109; 24 Nov 14; Tot $1,028,882; Dsb $730,326
  Candidate Republican 55,233 31.46% Thomas Pekarek
Ran as a write-in in the 6 May 2014 Primary. Received 278 votes (50 needed) to appear on the November ballot.

FEC H8OH11133
  Candidate Write-in 86 0.05% David Allen Pastorius
FEC H4OH13104
Total 175,549 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 14
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman David P. "Dave" Joyce
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2012
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 135,736 63.26% Congressman David P. "Dave" Joyce
FEC H2OH14064; 24 Nov 14; Tot $2,601,497; Dsb $2,520,844
  Candidate Democratic 70,856 33.02% Michael Wager
FEC H4OH14102; 24 Nov 14; Tot $991,879; Dsb $1,068,606
  Candidate Libertarian 7,988 3.72% David Macko
FEC H8OH14103
Total 214,580 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 15
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman Steve E. Stivers
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 128,496 66.02% Congressman Steve E. Stivers
FEC H8OH15076; 24 Nov 14; Tot $2,731,968; Dsb $1,956,751
  Candidate Democratic 66,125 33.98% Richard Scott "Scott" Wharton
FEC H2OH15095; 29 Nov 14; Tot $127,140; Dsb $127,340
Total 194,621 100.00%  

Incumbent - 113th Congress
CD 16
Seat up for regular election
Republican Congressman James B. "Jim" Renacci
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list - 113th Congress
  Elected Republican 132,176 63.74% Congressman James B. "Jim" Renacci
FEC H0OH16097; 24 Nov 14; Tot $2,052,781; Dsb $1,370,810
  Candidate Democratic 75,199 36.26% former state Representative Pete Crossland
FEC H4OH16115; 24 Nov 14; Tot $36,539; Dsb $34,995
Total 207,375 100.00%  

Secretary of State  4 year term, Election Cycle: 2010, 2014. Term Limit: 2 consecutive 4-year terms

Seat up for regular election Republican Secretary of State Jon A. Husted
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
The current Secretary of State is unaffected by the State's term limit.
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list
  Elected Republican 1,811,020 59.83% Secretary of State Jon A. Husted
  Candidate Democratic 1,074,475 35.50% state Senator Nina Turner
  Candidate Libertarian 141,292 4.67% Kevin Knedler
Ran as a write-in in the 6 May 2014 Primary and received 716 votes. Qualified for the General Election ballot having received more than the required 500 votes.
Total 3,026,787 100.00%  

Attorney General  4 year term, Election Cycle: 2010, 2014. Term Limit: 2 consecutive 4-year terms

Seat up for regular election Republican Attorney General Michael "Mike" DeWine
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
The current Attorney General is unaffected by the State's term limit.
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list
  Elected Republican 1,882,048 61.50% Attorney General Michael "Mike" DeWine
  Candidate Democratic 1,178,426 38.50% former Hamilton County Commissioner David Pepper
Total 3,060,474 100.00%  

Treasurer  4 year term, Election Cycle: 2010, 2014. Term Limit: 2 consecutive 4-year terms

Seat up for regular election Republican Treasurer Josh Mandel
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
The current Treasurer is unaffected by the State's term limit.
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list
  Elected Republican 1,724,060 56.58% Treasurer Josh Mandel
  Candidate Democratic 1,323,325 43.42% state Representative Connie Pillich
Total 3,047,385 100.00%  

Auditor  4 year term, Election Cycle: 2010, 2014. Term Limit: 2 consecutive 4-year terms

Seat up for regular election Republican Auditor David A. "Dave" Yost
• Re-elected Tuesday 4 November 2014
First elected: 2010
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 4 November 2014
The current Auditor is unaffected by the State's term limit.
Renominated - 6 May 2014 Primary
 Candidate list
  Elected Republican 1,711,927 56.98% Auditor David A. "Dave" Yost
  Candidate Democratic 1,149,305 38.25% state Representative John Patrick Carney
  Candidate Libertarian 143,363 4.77% Bob Bridges
Ran as a write-in in the 6 May 2014 Primary and received 731 votes. Qualified for the General Election ballot having received more than the required 500 votes.
Total 3,004,595 100.00%  
 

Political Parties    Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such.

Major Parties
  Democratic (affiliates): 5 incumbents, 22 candidates
  Republican: 19 incumbents, 24 candidates
Major Third Parties
  Constitution (affiliates): 1 candidate
  Green (affiliates): 3 candidates
  Libertarian: 5 candidates
Other Third Parties
  Conservative USA
  Justice Party
  Right to Life
  Unity
Write-in/Scattered/otherwise not readily classifiable
  Write-in: 4 candidates
 
Candidates running under the banner of more than one party are counted towards each party's total. A candidate who has lost a primary or is apparently no longer a candidate is not counted.

Notes

Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot.

"Apparently not a candidate" indicates that someone we once listed as a candidate for an elective office will not, in fact, be running for that office (primarily because said candidate is not listed on an official ballot provided by a jurisdiction's election authorities, where that candidate has not previously withdrawn his/her candidacy or otherwise indicated no longer [or even ever] being a candidate for that office).

Primary dates marked "presumably" and polling times marked "reportedly" are based on unofficial or estimated data (especially as regards local variations from a jurisdictionwide statutory and/or regulatory standard) and are, thereby, subject to change.

"FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary.

When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details.

If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements.


Links Links to other web sites

Legislature   Links to State Legislatures
  Ohio House of Representatives
  Ohio Senate
Democratic
  Ohio Democratic Party
Republican
  Ohio Republican Party
Third Party
  Conservative Party USA Ohio
  Green Party of Ohio
  Justice Party of Ohio
  Libertarian Party of Ohio
  Ohio Right to Life Society
  The Unity Party of Ohio
Media & others
  Akron Beacon Journal
  Chagrin Valley Times
  Chillicothe Gazette
  Cincinnati Enquirer
  cleveland.com - Everything Cleveland
  Columbus Dispatch
  Courier - Findlay
  Dayton Daily News
  Gongwer News Service
  JournalNews - Hamilton
  Lisbon Morning Journal
  Medina Gazette
  Merco Hispano - Westlake
  News-Herald - Willoughby
  NewsLink.org - Ohio Newspapers
  Politics1.com - Ohio
  Star Beacon - Ashtabula
  The Advertiser-Tribune - Tiffin
  The Enquirer - Cincinnati
  The Free Press - Columbus
  The Independent - Massillon
  The Lima News - Lima
  The Plain Dealer - cleveland.com
  The Repository - Canton
  The Times-Reporter - New Philadelphia
  The Vindicator - Youngstown
  Today's Pulse - Liberty Township / Butler and Warren Counties
  Toledo Blade
  Tribune Chronicle - TribToday.com - Warren
  Wapakoneta Daily News
  WBNS TV - CBS - Central Ohio
  WeST LIFE - Westshore
  WEWS TV - ABC - Cleveland - Akron
  WFMJ TV - NBC - Youngstown
  WHIO TV - CBS - Dayton
  WKYC TV - NBC - Cleveland
  WNWO TV - NBC - Toledo
  WTOL TV - CBS - Toledo

 


  2014 General Election Home  
 
  114th U.S. Senate Popular Vote and FEC Total Receipts by Party  
  Gubernatorial Popular Vote by Party  
  114th U.S. House Popular Vote and FEC Total Receipts by Party  
  Close Contests Summary - Decision by 2% or less  
  Contests Where No Candidate Received a Majority  
 
  Some key races to watch coming out of the USA Elections of Tuesday 4 November 2014  
 
2014 Primaries and Runoffs for Statewide offices/Congress
  Alphabetically   --   Alphabetically with Filing Deadlines  
  Chronologically   --   Chronologically with Filing Deadlines  
  Poll Closing Times  
....
General Election Poll Closing Times
  Alphabetically   --   Chronologically  
....
  Polling Hours  
....
  Governors     Senate     House  
....
  Senators by 'Class'  
  Governors by election 'cycle'  
....
  Gubernatorial Primaries at a Glance   --   Senatorial Primaries at a Glance  
....
  Open Governor's Chairs, Senate and House Seats (the incumbent is not running for re-election)  
  Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats with no incumbent running for them  
  Uncontested Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats (one candidate running for office)  
  Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats with multiple incumbents running for them  
  Governor's Chairs, Senate, and U.S. House Seats with only one major party candidate running for office  
....
  2014 Partisan Composition by State  
....
  Political Parties  
....
  Senate Electoral Classes  
....
  Statewide Political Party Strength going into the 2014 Midterm Election  
  Statewide Political Party Strength coming out of the 2014 Midterm Elections  
....
  Relative Political Party Strength by SECTION and Region going into the 2014 Midterm Election  
  Relative Political Party Strength by SECTION and Region coming out of the 2014 Elections  
....
  Comparative Political Party Predominance in each State, 2000 thru 2012  
2012 CONGRESSIONAL Political Party Breakdown by SECTION and Region
....
History
  Political Party Floor Leaders in the Congress of the United States  
  Dates of DIRECT PRIMARY Elections re: Major Party Nominations for Statewide and/or Federal Office  
  Length of Terms of Office of STATE Governors throughout American History  
....
  (downloads)