The Green Papers: 2025 General Election
 
Copyright www.flags.net/UNST.htm 119th Congress
Senate Seats by State

This is a list of the current Senate seats and the incumbents occupying them. Not counting special elections, 33 Senate Seats are up for election on 5 November 2024.

There have been 0 deaths, 1 resignations, and 0 changes re: party breakdown in the 118th Senate.

  • Senator Robert "Bob" Menendez (Democratic, New Jersey, Class 1) resigned on 20 August 2024.
  • Senator George S. Helmy (Democratic, New Jersey, Class 1) was appointed on xx and sworn in August 2024.

  Alabama    Alaska    Arizona    Arkansas    California    Colorado    Connecticut    Delaware    Florida    Georgia    Hawaii    Idaho    Illinois    Indiana    Iowa    Kansas    Kentucky    Louisiana    Maine    Maryland    Massachusetts    Michigan    Minnesota    Mississippi    Missouri    Montana    Nebraska    Nevada    New Hampshire    New Jersey    New Mexico    New York    North Carolina    North Dakota    Ohio    Oklahoma    Oregon    Pennsylvania    Rhode Island    South Carolina    South Dakota    Tennessee    Texas    Utah    Vermont    Virginia    Washington    West Virginia    Wisconsin    Wyoming 

Legislative Links     Senate Electoral Classes

           

Alabama  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Thomas H. "Tommy" Tuberville
First elected: 2020
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  Katie Boyd Britt
First elected: 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Alaska  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Dan Sullivan
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  Lisa Murkowski
Appointed by Governor Frank H. Murkowski (Republican) on 20 December 2002, to fill vacancy left by the resignation of her father, the same Frank H. Murkowski, when he resigned to become Governor of the State on 2 December 2002. First elected: 2004; relected: 2010 (as a write-in), 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Arkansas  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Thomas B. "Tom" Cotton
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  John Nichols Boozman
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Florida  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Richard L. "Rick" Scott
First elected: 2018; re-elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 3 Republican Senator  Marco Rubio
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028
12 November 2024: Media reports state that President elect Donald Trump will nominate Senator Marco Rubio for Secretary of State.
13 November 2024: Senator Marco Rubio is officially nominated for Secretary of State.
 Should Senator Marco Rubio be confirmed as Secretary of State in the Trump Administration, Governor Ron DeSantis (Republican) would appoint a replacement Senator. A special election would be scheduled for November 2026 for the remainder of the term when ends in January 2029. The next regular election, for the 6 year term, would be in 2028.

Idaho  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  James E. "Jim" Risch
First elected: 2008; re-elected: 2014, 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  Michael D. "Mike" Crapo
First elected: 1998; re-elected: 2004, 2010, 2016.
[also served in U.S. House- elected: 1992, 1994, 1996], 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Indiana  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  James E. "Jim" Banks
First elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 3 Republican Senator  Todd Christopher Young
Served in the U.S. House: 2011-2017. First elected to the U.S. Senate: 2016; re-elected: 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Iowa  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Joni K. Ernst
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  Charles E. "Chuck" Grassley
First elected: 1980; re-elected: 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2016.
[also served in U.S. House- elected: 1974, 1976, 1978], 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Kansas  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Roger W. "Doc" Marshall
Previously served in the U.S. House elected: 2016, 2018; first elected to the U.S. Senate: 2020
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  Jerry Moran
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Kentucky  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Mitch McConnell
First elected: 1984; re-elected: 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2014, 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026
Open Seat - 28 February 2024: "I turned 82 last week. The end of my contributions are closer than I prefer ... this will be my last term as Republican leader of the Senate ... "

Class 3 Republican Senator  Rand Paul
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Louisiana  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  William M. "Bill" Cassidy
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  John Neely Kennedy
First elected to the office of state Treasurer as a Democrat: 1999; re-elected: 2003; switched affiliation to Republican 27 August 2007; re-elected: 2007, 2011, 2015. First elected to the U.S. Senate: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Maine  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Susan Margaret Collins
First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008, 2014, 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Mississippi  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Roger F. Wicker
Appointed 31 December 2007 to fill the vacancy caused by the 18 December 2007 resignation of Senator Trent Lott. First elected in a special election: 4 November 2008. Re-elected: 2012, 2018, 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  Cindy Hyde-Smith
Appointed: 1 April 2018 [re: the resignation of Senator Thad Cochran (Republican)]; first elected in a Special Election: 27 November 2018; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Missouri  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Joshua David "Josh" Hawley
First elected: 2018; re-elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 3 Republican Senator  Eric S. Schmitt
First elected: 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Montana  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator Tim Sheehy
First elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  Steven "Steve" Daines
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Nebraska  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Debra S. "Deb" Fischer
First elected: 2012; re-elected: 2018, 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  Pete Ricketts
Previously served as Governor being first elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018.
12 January 2023: Appointed [to fill the seat of Senator Benjamin E. "Ben" Sasse (Republican)]. First elected to fill the remaining 2 years of the term: 5 November 2024..
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026
 

6 October 2022: Senator Benjamin E. "Ben" Sasse (Republican) stated he will resign by the end of 2022 to become President of the University of Florida. Governor J. Peter "Pete" Ricketts (Republican) will then appoint a replacement to fill the seat through January 2025. A special election will be called in 2024 to fill the final 2 years of the term which ends in January 2027.

10 November 2022: Florida's Board of Governors names Senator Sasse as president-elect of the University of Florida.

5 December 2022: Senator Sasse, who was first elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2020, submits his resignation effective 8 January 2023. Governor-elect Jim Pillen (Republican) will begin receiving applications and evaluating replacement candidates. The deadline for applications is 23 December 2022.

12 January 2023: Governor Jim Pillen (Republican) appoints Pete Ricketts (Republican) to fill the vacant seat. He was sworn on 23 January 2023.

5 November 2024: Senator Peter "Pete" Ricketts (Republican) won the special election.


North Carolina  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Thomas Roland "Thom" Tillis
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026
 29 March 2021: Senator Thomas Roland "Thom" Tillis (Republican) stated that that he has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, his prognosis is good, and he expects to make a full recovery.

Class 3 Republican Senator  Theodore Paul "Ted" Budd
First elected: 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

North Dakota  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Kevin Cramer
First elected: 2018; re-elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 3 Republican Senator  John Hoeven
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Ohio  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator Bernie Moreno
First elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 3 Republican Senator  J.D. Vance
First elected: 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028
Open Seat - 15 July 2024: Chosen by former President Donald John Trump to be his 2024 running mate.
5 November 2024: Senator J.D. Vance is elected as Vice President. He will resign circa 20 January 2025 when he ascends as Vice President.
Governor Michael "Mike" DeWine (Republican) will make an appointment to fill the vacant seat when Senator J.D. Vance resigns. "The appointee shall hold office until the 15th day of December succeeding the next regular state election that occurs more than 180 days after the vacancy ... At that next regular state election, a special election to fill the vacancy shall be held..." [Ohio Revised Code, Title 35, Section 3521.02] Therefore, a special election to fill the remainder of term will be held 3 November 2026.
 15 July 2024: Chosen by former President Donald John Trump to be his 2024 running mate.
5 November 2024: Senator J.D. Vance (Republican), who was first elected in 2022, was elected as Vice President.
Governor Michael "Mike" DeWine (Republican) will make an appointment to fill the vacant seat when Senator J.D. Vance resigns. "The appointee shall hold office until the 15th day of December succeeding the next regular state election that occurs more than 180 days after the vacancy ... At that next regular state election, a special election to fill the vacancy shall be held..." [Ohio Revised Code, Title 35, Section 3521.02] Therefore, a special election to fill the remainder of term will be held 3 November 2026.

Oklahoma  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Markwayne Mullin
First elected to fill out the term in a Special Election: 8 November 2022 [held to fill the impending vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe (Republican) on 3 January 2023 but announced before the 2022 Oklahoma state/local Primary in June 2022, allowing for this Special Election to take place].
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026
 Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe (Republican) was first elected to fill out the term in a Special Election in 1994 [held to fill the impending vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator David L. Boren (Democrat): effective, 15 November 1994 but announced before the 1994 Oklahoma state/local Primary in August 1994, allowing for this Special Election to take place]; elected to a full term: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008, 2014, 2020.
25 February 2022: Senator Inhofe, 87, announced his retirement effective in January 2023. Oklahoma requires a special election when an incumbent announces retirement before 1 March. The special primary election is 28 June, runoff 23 August, and general election on 8 November 2022.
8 November 2022: Member of Congress Markwayne Mullin (Republican, CD 2) won the Senatorial Special Election with 62% of the vote. Member of Congress Mullin will fill the seat of Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe (Republican) when Senator Inhofe retires in January 2023. The term ends in 2027.
Senator Inhofe resigned on 2 January 2023.
Senator Markwayne Mullin took the Oath on 3 January 2023.

Class 3 Republican Senator  James Paul Lankford
First elected in a special election: 4 November 2014 re: resignation of Senator Tom Coburn (Republican); re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Pennsylvania  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Republican, 1 Democratic

Class 1 Republican Senator David H. "Dave" McCormick
First elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

South Carolina  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Lindsey Olin Graham
First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008, 2014, 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  Timothy E. "Tim" Scott
Served in U.S. House- first elected: 2010; re-elected: 2012. Appointed to the U.S. Senate: 2 January 2013 (re: resignation of Senator James W. "Jim" DeMint [Republican]); first elected in a special election: 4 November 2014; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

South Dakota  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 2 Republican Senator  Marion Michael "Mike" Rounds
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Class 3 Republican Senator  John R. Thune
Served in U.S. House- first elected: 1996; re-elected: 1998, 2000. Unsuccessful candidate for Senate 2002. First elected to the U.S. Senate: 2004; re-elected: 2010, 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Tennessee  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Marsha Blackburn
Previously served in the U.S. House, 2003-2019; first elected: 2018; re-elected: 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  Bill Hagerty
First elected: 2020
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Texas  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz
First elected: 2012; re-elected: 2018, 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  John Cornyn
First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008, 2014, 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Utah  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  John Curtis
First elected: 2024.
[Previously served in the U.S. House being first elected in a special election: 7 November 2017 [re: resignation of Jason Chaffetz (Republican)]; re-elected: 2018, 2020, 2022.]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 3 Republican Senator  Mike Lee
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

West Virginia  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  James Conley "Jim" Justice, II
First elected: 2024.
[Previously served as Governor being first elected: 2016 (as a Democrat); changed party affiliation to Republican: 3 August 2017; re-elected: 2020 (as a Republican).]
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  Shelley Moore Capito
First elected: 2014; re-elected: 2020.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Wisconsin  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican

Class 3 Republican Senator  Ronald Harold "Ron" Johnson
First elected: 2010; re-elected: 2016, 2022.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 7 November 2028

Wyoming  6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican

Class 1 Republican Senator  John A. Barrasso
Appointed: 22 June 2007 by Governor Dave Freudenthal; first elected in a special election: 4 November 2008; re-elected: 2012, 2018, 2024.
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 5 November 2030

Class 2 Republican Senator  Cynthia Marie Lummis
Previously served in the U.S. House, first elected: 2008; re-elected 2010, 2012, 2014; did not run in 2016. First elected to the U.S. Senate: 2020
Seat up for regular election: Tuesday 3 November 2026

Political Parties    Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such.

Major Parties
  Democratic
  Democratic-Farmer Labor
  Republican
Major Third Parties
  Libertarian
Independents
  Independent
  Nonpartisan
  Other
  Unaffiliated
 

Notes

Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot.


"FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary.

When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details.

If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements.


Senate Class

Class 1 seats begin their terms at noon on 3 January 2019 and end their terms on 3 January 2025. The next regular election for these seats is in 5 November 2024.
Class 2 seats began their terms at noon on 3 January 2021 and end their terms on 3 January 2027. The next regular election for these seats is 3 November 2026.
Class 3 seats began their terms at noon on 3 January 2023 and end their terms on 3 January 2029. The next regular election for these seats is 7 November 2028.

For more information on Senate Classes refer to UNITED STATES SENATE: Electoral "Classes".


Article I, Section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows:

"Immediately after [the Senate of the United States] shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year..."

Pursuant to this Constitutional provision, a three-Senator Committee was appointed by the Senate on 11 May 1789 to come up with a plan to carry out the requirements of that provision; this Committee reported to the Senate on 14 May 1789 a plan to divide the then 20 Senators (there were 10 of the 13 original States represented in the Senate at the time- each having 2 Senators: North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the U.S. Constitution, while New York had so ratified but had failed to elect Senators as of that date) into the requisite three electoral Classes: under this plan, three groups of Senators (set up in such a way so as no State had its two Senators in the same group) were to be listed and the first Senator on each list (a list which was set up geographically north-to-south in the manner in which the Electoral Vote for President was counted before Congress at that time, so that two of the first Senators on these lists were from New Hampshire and the third was the first Senator in alphabetical order from Massachusetts) was to each blindly draw a piece of paper numbered either "1", "2" or "3" out of a box in the possession of the Secretary of the Senate. This plan being agreeable to the Senate and so approved, the drawing of lots in this manner was carried out the following day (15 May 1789)- such lot drawing ultimately determining that, to start with, Classes 1 and 2 were to have 7 Senators each and Class 3 was to have only 6 Senators.

When New York finally seated its two Senators during the ensuing Summer, there was another lot drawing (actually a double-lot drawing) on 28 July 1789 to determine the Classes for these seats: since one of the seats had to be Class 3 to make it equal in number to that of the other two Classes so far, the two New York Senators each blindly drew between two pieces of paper, one marked "3", the other which was blank- after this, there was a second lot drawing in which the New York Senator who had drawn the blank paper blindly drew again between two pieces of paper marked "1" and "2": he drew "1" so that New York would henceforth have Senators of electoral Classes 1 and 3.

When North Carolina seated its two Senators after ratifying the Constitution on 21 November 1789, there was yet another lot drawing (on 29 January 1790) in which North Carolina's two Senators each blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "2" and "3" (since there were now 12 States and, thus, 24 Senators: 24 being equally divisible by 3, there would now have to be 8 Senators in each of the three Classes to fulfill the Constitutional provision that, as nearly as was practicable, one third of the Senate be elected every second year).

After Rhode Island- the last of the 13 original States- finally ratified the Constitution on 29 May 1790 and subsequently seated its two Senators that Summer, there was yet one more lot drawing in the First Congress (on 25 June 1790) in which Rhode Island's two Senators blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "1", "2" and "3": one Senator drew "2", the other drew "1"- thereby determining electoral Classes 1 and 2 as those for the Senators from this State. When Vermont was admitted to the Union as the 14th state on 4 March 1791, there was again a double lot drawing as there had been for New York. From that day until this, whenever a new State has been admitted to the Union, these types of lot drawings (the type determined by the necessity of keeping the number of Senators in each electoral Class as close to one third as possible at the time of said lot drawing) between the new State's first Senators is held before the Senate to determine in just which of the three electoral Classes that State's Senate seats will be placed from then on.


 


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