The Green Papers: 2012 General Election |
Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming |
Alabama 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions, III First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Richard C. Shelby First elected as a Democrat: 1986; re-elected: 1992; Changed Party affiliation to Republican: 9 November 1994; re-elected as a Republican: 1998, 2004, 2010. [also served in the U.S. House- elected: 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984 as a Democrat] Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Alaska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Mark Begich First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Lisa Murkowski Appointed by Governor Frank H. Murkowski (Republican) on 20 December 2002, to fill vacancy left by the resignation of her father, the same Frank H. Murkowski, when he resigned to become Governor of the State on 2 December 2002. First elected: 2004; relected: 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Arizona 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator John McCain First elected: 1986; re-elected: 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010. [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1982, 1984] Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Arkansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Mark Lunsford Pryor First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator John Nichols Boozman First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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California 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Barbara Boxer First elected: 1992; re-elected: 1998, 2004, 2010. [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990] Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Colorado 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Mark E. Udall First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Michael F. Bennet Appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Ken Salazar on 21 January 2009 after entering upon his duties as Secretary of the Interior; appointed 21 January 2009 and sworn 22 January 2009. First elected: 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Connecticut 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent Democrat, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Richard Blumenthal First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Delaware 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Christopher A. "Chris" Coons First elected in a special election: 2010 (to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Joe Biden [Democrat] in January 2009 in order to accede to the Vice-Presidency of the United States; he replaces Senator Edward E. "Ted" Kaufman [Democrat] who had been appointed by the Governor of DELAWARE to temporarily fill the vacancy.) Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Florida 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Marco Rubio First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Georgia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Saxby Chambliss First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator John Hardy "Johnny" Isakson First elected: 2004; re-elected: 2010. (also served in U.S. House- first elected in a special election [to fill the seat vacated by the resignation of Congressman Newt Gingrich]: 1999; re-elected: 2000, 2002.) Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Hawaii 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Brian E. Schatz Appointed: 26 December 2012 (re 17 December 2012 death of Senator Daniel K. Inouye [Democratic]) Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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17 December 2012: Senator Daniel K. Inouye (Democratic), 88, died of respiratory complications at 5:01 p.m. EST at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. He was first elected in 1962 and re-elected in 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, and 2010. The Senator also served in U.S. House- elected: 1959 (Hawaii having just been admitted as a State to the Union) and 1960. Governor Neil Abercrombie (Democratic) will make an temporary appointment to fill the vacant seat until a special election is held to fill the remainder of the term. State law requires that the Governor select a replacement candidate from the same political party (Democratic). On 26 December 2012, Hawai'i Governor Neil Abercrombie (Democratic) named Lieutenant Governor Brian E. Schatz (Democratic) as the replacement Senator for the Class 3 Seat. He will serve until a 4 November 2014 special election to fill the remainder of Senator Inouye's term. The next regular election for this seat is Tuesday 8 November 2016. | |||||
Idaho 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator James E. "Jim" Risch First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Michael D. "Mike" Crapo First elected: 1998; re-elected: 2004, 2010. [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1992, 1994, 1996] Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Illinois 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Richard J. "Dick" Durbin First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994] Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Mark Steven Kirk First elected in a special election to a partial term: 2 November 2010 (to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Barack Hussein Obama [Democrat] on 16 November 2008 in order to accede to the Presidency of the United States; he replaces Senator Roland W. Burris [Democrat] who had been appointed by the Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich [Democrat] to temporarily fill the vacancy). First elected to a full term: 2010. [also served in U.S. House- elected: 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008] Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 23 January 2012: Suffered an ischemic stroke and underwent surgery. |
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Indiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Daniel Ray "Dan" Coats First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Iowa 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Thomas Richard "Tom" Harkin First elected: 1984; re-elected: 1990, 1996; 2002, 2008 [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1974, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982] Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Charles E. "Chuck" Grassley First elected: 1980; re-elected: 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010. [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1974, 1976, 1978] Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Kansas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Pat Roberts First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 [also served in U.S. House- elected: 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994] Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Jerry Moran First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Kentucky 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Mitch McConnell First elected: 1984; re-elected: 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Rand Paul First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Louisiana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Mary L. Landrieu First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator David Vitter First elected: 2004; re-elected: 2010. (also served in U.S. House- first elected in a special election [to fill the seat vacated by Congressman Bob Livingston]: 1999; re-elected: 2000, 2002.) Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Maine 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Susan M. Collins First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Maryland 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Barbara A. Mikulski First elected: 1986; re-elected: 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Massachusetts 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Republican, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator John F. Kerry First elected: 1984; re-elected: 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 Open Seat - 15 December 2012: Media reports state that President Obama will nominate Senator John F. Kerry for Secretary of State. 21 December 2012: Officially nominated. |
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Michigan 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Carl Levin First elected: 1978; re-elected: 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Minnesota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Al Franken First elected: 2008 in a contested election resolved 30 June 2009 by the Minnesota Supreme Court. Sworn 7 July 2009. Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Mississippi 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Thad Cochran First elected: 1978; re-elected: 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Missouri 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Roy Blunt First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Montana 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Max Baucus First elected: 1978; re-elected: 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 2 April 2012: Announced that he will seek re-election in 2014. |
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Nebraska 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Michael O. "Mike" Johanns First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Nevada 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Republican, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Harry Mason Reid First elected: 1986; re-elected: 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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New Hampshire 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Jeanne Shaheen First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Kelly A. Ayotte First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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New Jersey 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Frank R. Lautenberg First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008. Previously served in the Class 1 NJ Senate seat to which he was first elected: 1982 and re-elected: 1988, 1994-- was not a candidate for his Party's nomination for the Class 1 seat in 2000. Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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New Mexico 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Tom Udall First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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New York 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Charles E. "Chuck" Schumer First elected: 1998; re-elected: 2004, 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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North Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Kay R. Hagan First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Richard M. Burr First elected: 2004; re-elected: 2010. (also served in U.S. House- first elected: 1994; re-elected: 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002.) Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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North Dakota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator John Hoeven First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Ohio 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Robert Jones "Rob" Portman First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Oklahoma 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator James M. "Jim" Inhofe First elected to fill out the term in a Special Election: 1994 [held to fill the impending vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator David L. Boren (Democrat): effective, 15 November 1994 but announced before the 1994 Oklahoma state/local Primary in August 1994, allowing for this Special Election to take place; elected to a full term: 1996; re-elected 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator Tom Coburn First elected: 2004; re-elected: 2010. (also served in U.S. House- first elected: 1994; re-elected: 1996, 1998.) Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 Open Seat - 16 August 2011: Announced he would not run for re-election in 2016: ".. I'm not running again..." |
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Oregon 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Jeffrey Alan "Jeff" Merkley First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Ronald Lee "Ron" Wyden First elected to finish out the term in a Special Election: 30 January 1996 [held to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Robert Packwood (Republican): 1 October 1995 (Oregon state law does not permit the state's Governor to make temporary appointments to fill vacancies in the United States Senate)]; elected to a full term: 1998; re-elected: 2004, 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Pennsylvania 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Patrick Joseph "Pat" Toomey First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Rhode Island 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator John F. "Jack" Reed First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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South Carolina 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Lindsey Olin Graham First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator James W. "Jim" DeMint First elected: 2004; re-elected: 2010. (also served in U.S. House- first elected: 1998; re-elected: 2000, 2002) Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 Open Seat - 30 August 2011: Announced he will not run for re-election in 2016. 6 December 2012: Resigned effective January 2013 to lead the Heritage Foundation. "It's been an honor to serve the people of South Carolina in the United States Senate for the past eight years, but now it's time for me to pass the torch to someone else and take on a new role in the fight for America's future." Governor Nikki Randhawa Haley (Republican) will appoint a replacement to serve until a special election is called. 17 December 2012: Media reports indicate Congressman Timothy E. "Tim" Scott (Republican CD 1) will be appointed by Governor Nikki Randhawa Haley (Republican) to this U. S. Senate seat. |
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South Dakota 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Tim Johnson First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Class 3 | Republican | Senator John Thune First elected: 2004; re-elected: 2010. (also served in U.S. House- first elected: 1996; re-elected: 1998, 2000. Unsuccessful candidate for Senate 2002.) Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Tennessee 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Lamar Alexander First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Texas 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator John Cornyn First elected: 2002; re-elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Utah 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Mike Lee First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Vermont 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Independent, 1 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Patrick Leahy First elected: 1974; re-elected: 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator Mark Robert Warner First elected: 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Washington 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 3 | Democratic | Senator Patty Murray First elected: 1992; re-elected: 1998, 2004, 2010. Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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West Virginia 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Democratic | |||||
Class 2 | Democratic | Senator John Davison "Jay" Rockefeller, IV First elected: 1984; re-elected: 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
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Wisconsin 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 1 Democratic, 1 Republican | |||||
Class 3 | Republican | Senator Ronald Harold "Ron" Johnson First elected: 2010 Seat up for election: Tuesday 8 November 2016 |
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Wyoming 6-year term. No Term Limit. Senate Electoral Classes | |||||
Partisan Composition: 2 Republican | |||||
Class 2 | Republican | Senator Michael B. "Mike" Enzi First elected: 1996; re-elected: 2002, 2008 Seat up for election: Tuesday 4 November 2014 |
Political Parties Parties appear in parenthesis and italics when a candidate receives the endorsement of a given Party and/or official sources indicate a candidate's association with a particular Party but only where the Party in question does not appear on the actual ballot as such. |
Major Parties | |
Democratic | |
Democratic-Farmer Labor | |
Democratic-Nonpartisan League | |
Republican | |
Major Third Parties | |
Constitution | |
Green | |
Libertarian | |
Reform | |
Other Third Parties | |
America First | |
Common Sense | |
Conservative | |
Democratic/Republican | |
Grassroots | |
Independence | |
Independent American | |
Independent Party of Connecticut | |
Independent Party Of Delaware | |
Justice Party | |
Liberty Union | |
Marijuana | |
Mountain | |
Natural Law | |
Progressive | |
Socialist Party USA | |
Socialist Workers Party | |
U.S. Taxpayers | |
Workers World | |
Working Families | |
Wyoming Country | |
Independents | |
Independent | |
Independent Democrat | |
No Party Affiliation | |
Nonpartisan | |
Unaffiliated | |
Write-in/Scattered/otherwise not readily classifiable | |
None of these candidates | |
Scattering | |
Write-in |
Notes |
Candidates for office appear on this page in italics where 'The Green Papers' does not yet have independent confirmation from a legal election authority that the person has been officially certified to appear on the ballot. "FEC" indicates the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Campaign Finance Summary. When available, we post each candidate's FEC identification number, the date of their most recently filed Report of Receipts and Disbursements, their "Tot" [Total Receipts (contributions received or what came in: FEC Form 3, Line 16, Column B)] and their "Dsb" [Total Disbursements (expenditures or what was spent: FEC Form 3, Line 23, Column B)]. A link is provided to the Federal Election Commission's Summary Report for those who might wish to explore the details. If a candidate raises or spends $5,000 or less, he or she is not subject to FEC reporting requirements. Senate ClassClass 1 seats end their current terms at noon on 3 January 2013... next regular election for these seats is in 6 November 2012. For more information on Senate Classes refer to UNITED STATES SENATE: Electoral "Classes". Article I, Section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States reads as follows: "Immediately after [the Senate of the United States] shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year..." Pursuant to this Constitutional provision, a three-Senator Committee was appointed by the Senate on 11 May 1789 to come up with a plan to carry out the requirements of that provision; this Committee reported to the Senate on 14 May 1789 a plan to divide the then 20 Senators (there were 10 of the 13 original States represented in the Senate at the time- each having 2 Senators: North Carolina and Rhode Island had yet to ratify the U.S. Constitution, while New York had so ratified but had failed to elect Senators as of that date) into the requisite three electoral Classes: under this plan, three groups of Senators (set up in such a way so as no State had its two Senators in the same group) were to be listed and the first Senator on each list (a list which was set up geographically north-to-south in the manner in which the Electoral Vote for President was counted before Congress at that time, so that two of the first Senators on these lists were from New Hampshire and the third was the first Senator in alphabetical order from Massachusetts) was to each blindly draw a piece of paper numbered either "1", "2" or "3" out of a box in the possession of the Secretary of the Senate. This plan being agreeable to the Senate and so approved, the drawing of lots in this manner was carried out the following day (15 May 1789)- such lot drawing ultimately determining that, to start with, Classes 1 and 2 were to have 7 Senators each and Class 3 was to have only 6 Senators. When New York finally seated its two Senators during the ensuing Summer, there was another lot drawing (actually a double-lot drawing) on 28 July 1789 to determine the Classes for these seats: since one of the seats had to be Class 3 to make it equal in number to that of the other two Classes so far, the two New York Senators each blindly drew between two pieces of paper, one marked "3", the other which was blank- after this, there was a second lot drawing in which the New York Senator who had drawn the blank paper blindly drew again between two pieces of paper marked "1" and "2": he drew "1" so that New York would henceforth have Senators of electoral Classes 1 and 3. When North Carolina seated its two Senators after ratifying the Constitution on 21 November 1789, there was yet another lot drawing (on 29 January 1790) in which North Carolina's two Senators each blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "2" and "3" (since there were now 12 States and, thus, 24 Senators: 24 being equally divisible by 3, there would now have to be 8 Senators in each of the three Classes to fulfill the Constitutional provision that, as nearly as was practicable, one third of the Senate be elected every second year). After Rhode Island- the last of the 13 original States- finally ratified the Constitution on 29 May 1790 and subsequently seated its two Senators that Summer, there was yet one more lot drawing in the First Congress (on 25 June 1790) in which Rhode Island's two Senators blindly drew between pieces of paper marked "1", "2" and "3": one Senator drew "2", the other drew "1"- thereby determining electoral Classes 1 and 2 as those for the Senators from this State. When Vermont was admitted to the Union as the 14th state on 4 March 1791, there was again a double lot drawing as there had been for New York. From that day until this, whenever a new State has been admitted to the Union, these types of lot drawings (the type determined by the necessity of keeping the number of Senators in each electoral Class as close to one third as possible at the time of said lot drawing) between the new State's first Senators is held before the Senate to determine in just which of the three electoral Classes that State's Senate seats will be placed from then on. |
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