2000 Electors for President and Vice President of the United States

2000 Electors for
President and Vice President
of the United States

"Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors..."
(U.S. Constitution: Article II, Section 1, clause 2)

STATE	chosen by	citation	on General Election ballot as	Pledged by statute to support winning ticket?
ALABAMA	Political Party organization	Ala. Code 17-19-2(c)	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
ALASKA	Political Party organization	Ak. Statutes 15.30.020	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
ARIZONA	Political Party primary election	Ariz. Rev. Statutes 16-344	named slate (at-large)	No
ARKANSAS	Political Party state convention	Ark. Code 7-8-302(1)	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
CALIFORNIA	Political Party per statute	Calif. Elections Code 7100, 7300	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
COLORADO	Political Party state convention	Colo. Rev. Statutes 1-4-302	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
CONNECTICUT	Political Party state convention	Conn. Gen. Statutes 9-175	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA	Political Party central committee	D.C. Code 1-1312(d)	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (oath or affirmation required when chosen)
DELAWARE	Political Party state convention	Del. Code 15:3301	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
FLORIDA	Political Party central committee	Fla. Statutes 103.021	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
GEORGIA	Political Party organization	Ga. Official Code 21-2-130	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
HAWAII	Political Party state convention	Hi. Rev. Statutes 14-21	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
IDAHO	Political Party state convention	Ida. Code 34-707	named slate (at-large)	No
ILLINOIS	Political Party state convention	Ill. Compiled Statutes 10-5/21-1(a)	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
INDIANA	Political Party state convention	Ind. Code 3-8-4-2	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
IOWA	Political Party central committee	Code of Ia. 54.5	Correction: unnamed slate (at-large)	No
KANSAS	Political Party central committee	Kan. Statutes 25-804	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
KENTUCKY	Political Party state convention	Ky. Rev. Statutes 118.325	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
LOUISIANA	Political Party organization	La. Rev. Statutes 18:1253[A]	named slate (at-large)	No
MAINE	Political Party state convention	Me. Rev. Statutes T.21-A; 321.2[C]	unnamed (1 per congressional district/ 2 at-large)	Yes
MARYLAND	Political Party organization	Code of Md.: Art.33(Elec.Code), 8-503	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
MASSACHUSETTS	Political Party central committee	Mass. Gen. Laws c. 53, 8	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
MICHIGAN	Political Party state convention	Mich. Compiled Laws 168.42	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
MINNESOTA	Political Party state convention	Minn. Statutes 208.03	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
MISSISSIPPI	Political Party state convention (nomination) / primary election (choice)	Miss. Code 23-15-771	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
MISSOURI	Political Party central committee	Mo. Rev. Statutes 115.399	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
MONTANA	Political Party organization	Mont. Code 13-25-101	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
NEBRASKA	Political Party state convention	Neb. Rev. Statutes 32-710	unnamed (1 per congressional district/ 2 at-large slate)	No
NEVADA	Political Party state convention	Nev. Rev. Statutes 298.020	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
NEW HAMPSHIRE	Political Party state convention	N.H. Rev. Statutes c. 655, 54	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
NEW JERSEY	Political Party state convention or central committee (conflicting statutes)	N.J. Rev. Statutes 19:13-2 conflicts with 19:13-15	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
NEW MEXICO	Political Party state convention	N.M. Statutes 1-15-3	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (failure to do so: subject to criminal prosecution)
NEW YORK	Political Party central committee	N.Y. Election Law 6-102	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
NORTH CAROLINA	Political Party state convention	Gen. Statutes of N.C. 163-1	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (failure to do so: subject to fine)
NORTH DAKOTA	Political Party state convention	N.D. Century Code 16.1-03-14	named slate (at-large)	No
OHIO	Political Party state convention	Ohio Rev. Code 3513.11	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
OKLAHOMA	Political Party state convention	Okla. Statutes 26-10-101	named slate (at-large)	Yes (oath required: violation subject to fine)
OREGON	Political Party organization	Ore. Rev. Statutes 248.355	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (must sign pledge upon being chosen)
PENNSYLVANIA	Political Party presidential nominee	Pa. Consolidated Statutes 25*2878	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
RHODE ISLAND	Political Party state convention	Gen. Laws of R.I. 17-12-13	named slate (at-large)	No
SOUTH CAROLINA	Political Party central committee	Code of Laws of S.C. 7-9-90	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (declaration of intent required: violators subject to criminal prosecution)
SOUTH DAKOTA	Political Party state convention	S.D. Codified Laws 12-5-21	named slate (at-large)	No
TENNESSEE	Political Party organization	Tenn. Code 2-13-203	named individually	Yes (but 'free agent' if either- or both- candidates on winning ticket are deceased at the time Electors meet)
TEXAS	Political Party organization	Tex. Election Code 192.003	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
UTAH	Political Party organization	Utah Code 20A-13-301	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (failure to do so: automatic resignation of Elector and replacement by vote of remaining Electors)
VERMONT	Political Party state convention	Vt. Statutes 17-2319, 17-2721	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
VIRGINIA	Political Party state convention	Code of Va. 24.2-508	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes
WASHINGTON	Political Party organization	Rev. Code of Wash. 29.71.020	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (failure to do so: subject to fine)
WEST VIRGINIA	Political Party state convention	W.Va. Code 3-5-21	unnamed slate (at-large)	No
WISCONSIN	Political Party state legislative candidates and state officers	Wis. Statutes 8.18	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes (unless candidate is deceased)
WYOMING	Political Party state convention	Wyo. Statutes 22-19-102	unnamed slate (at-large)	Yes

Place and Time of Meeting on December 18, 2000
May Electors Defect?
THE "FAITHLESS SEVEN" - Presidential Electors who have defected in the past

chosen by
Political Party: "Political Party", of course, refers to a political party which has either nominated candidates for President or Vice-President who have been automatically accepted- under State Election Law regarding automatic ballot access- on the General Election ballot or has successfully achieved ballot access for its candidates for President and Vice-President in the General Election through the procedures of nomination by petition supplied by State Election law. The element of the political party making the actual choice- as listed herein- usually applies only to Major Parties; state law generally allows minor parties and independent candidates for President to file their electors as part of the petitioning process.
central committee: "central committee" usually means the state committee of the political party actually chooses the party's Presidential Electors for the upcoming presidential election; however, in some states, it may mean the state central committee of the political party is free to designate another method (state convention, primary election, etc.) of choice without state oversight.
organization: "organization" means the political party is pretty much free to choose its method of nominating Presidential Electors (that is, it may use a state convention, a state primary election or have the state party central committee or even its chairperson[s] choose the Electors without any state input re: how the Party goes about this).
per statute: "per statute" means that the Political Parties- their organization, committee makeups, etc.- are regulated by state statute, including how each Party chooses its Presidential Electors. In CALIFORNIA, of the Major Parties, the Democrats allow the party's most recent nominees for U.S. House and Senate choose the Electors (each candidate choosing one Elector) while the Republicans leave the choice of Electors to a committee made up of recent nominees for statewide office, state legislative leaders and other important party officials.
primary election: "primary election" means the political party MUST use the regularly scheduled state/local primary election to choose its Presidential Electors for the upcoming presidential election.
state convention: "state convention" means the Party MUST use its state convention to choose its Presidential Electors for the upcoming presidential election.
citation citation: the statutory citation refers to the specific code section in state law which determines the methods by which those who will, if elected via the General Election for president, be "appointed" Presidential Electors from a given state. The method of citation is, as close as is possible, that used in the Martindale-Hubbell Law Digest.
on General Election ballot as
unnamed: "unnamed" means the names of the Electors do NOT appear on the ballot: only the names of the candidates for President and Vice-President appear.
named: "named" means the names of the Electors DO appear on the ballot: usually next to either the surnames or full names of the candidates for President and Vice-President.
slate: "slate" means that the Electors (whether named or unnamed) are chosen as a slate: that is, the voter cannot pick and choose between Electors from different Parties (and, by definition, pledged to different Presidential and Vice-Presidential candidates)... this is probably a given for "unnamed" Electors, but not necessarily so with "named" Electors!
at-large: "at-large", of course, means that the votes for Electors are counted statewide and all Presidential Electors are "appointed"- however indirectly- by the results of the popular vote for President statewide. (Where some Electors are "appointed" by the results of the popular vote for President by district- as is the case in MAINE and NEBRASKA- the type of district is so indicated).
Pledged by statute to support winning ticket?
Pledged by statute to support winning ticket?: This is a tricky area: in many states which so require by law [marked "Yes" in the table], the statute specifically states that the Electors shall [or must] cast their ballots to the national ticket which received the most popular votes; in other states, the statute is not so specific- however, the language regarding how the vote of the voter is to be applied to the allocation of Electors implies just such a pledge. When in doubt, this column has been marked "No"- the reason being that these state laws pledging (or implying a pledge of) the Electors to vote for the winning national ticket are of dubious constitutionality (theoretically, the Electors- like U.S. Senators- though representing the State, are Federal officers: the State cannot legally "instruct" Federal officers which, nonetheless, represent it; thus, at least in theory, the Electors are 'free agents' who can cast their ballots for President and Vice President as they see fit- the only check on this being whether or not the Joint Session of Congress which counts and tabulates the Electoral Vote accepts the Elector's votes as valid. Keep in mind, however, that- even re: States where this column reads "No"- there may be political party intradiscipline which will keep an "appointed" Presidential Elector from not voting for the winning ticket!)

chosen by

citation

on General Election ballot as

Pledged by statute to support winning ticket?